歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1頁:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2頁:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3頁:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4頁:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5頁:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6頁:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9頁:2003.1-Passage One
2002.1
Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (擁擠). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸縮的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鳴器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.
A) its power source
B) its driving system
C) its monitoring system
D) its seating capacity(A)
22. What is the author’s main concern?
A) How to render automobiles pollution-free.
B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D) How to develop an automated subway system.(C)
23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A) A rail.
B) An engine.
C) A retractable arm.
D) A computer controller.(A)
24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.
A) keep in the right lane
B) wait to arrive at his destination
C) keep in constant touch with the computer center
D) inform the system of his destination by phone(D)
25. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of autos?
A) Enthusiastic.
B) Pessimistic.
C) Optimistic.
D) Cautious.(C)
這篇材料講的是未來汽車的問題。段先是舉出了兩種截然相反的觀點:“在不久的未來,汽車將會被人類廢棄(all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust)”,“在可預(yù)見的將來,汽車依然會是城市交通的主要方式(the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future)”。這樣本文討論的側(cè)重點也就呈現(xiàn)出來了——這里將要討論的是汽車的“未來”。
下文接續(xù)段所提的第二個觀點,說明未來被人類繼續(xù)使用的汽車可能會發(fā)生的變化。未來的汽車會變得更小,更加安全,也更有經(jīng)濟性,同時不會使用汽油驅(qū)動(smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine),污染也會比現(xiàn)在的汽車小得多。
以上算是未來汽車相較現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)點,不過,未來的汽車也依然存在問題,那就是交通擁堵(still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion)。但作者馬上提出了解決辦法:自動公路系統(tǒng)(automated highway system)。后的兩個大段對這一系統(tǒng)的工作原理進行了解釋。
汽車進入自動公路系統(tǒng)后,車身上會有一條伸縮臂與鐵軌連接,此時汽車的動力便由系統(tǒng)提供電力控制(解決了污染問題),而汽車的操控則轉(zhuǎn)交給中心電腦,由電腦監(jiān)控汽車所有的運行動作(第四段)。
司機所要做的是只是用電話輸入指令,告訴系統(tǒng)所要到達的目的地。系統(tǒng)會計算路徑,同時保證行進路徑的暢通。這時,司機就有時間放松了,因為快要到達目的地的時候系統(tǒng)會自動發(fā)出提示(第五段)。
這一系統(tǒng)的效率如何呢?它在一個小時內(nèi)的容量是10000輛汽車,而如今的公路只能容許1500-2000輛汽車通過(will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway)。
21. A
題目問未來汽車的一項重要發(fā)展很可能是……
A,動力來源。
B,駕駛系統(tǒng)。
C,監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。
D,可乘坐人數(shù)。
第二段對未來汽車的可能發(fā)展做了展望:It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present type,這里提到了5種可能的情況,包括大?。╯maller),安全性(safer),經(jīng)濟性(more economical),動力來源(not be powered by the gasoline engine),環(huán)保(more pollution-free)。四個選項中只有A與其中一種情況一致,本題選A。
22. C
題目問作者主要關(guān)心的問題是什么。
A,如何實現(xiàn)汽車無污染。
B,如何制造更小更安全的汽車。
C,如何解決交通擁堵問題。
D,如何發(fā)展一套自動地鐵系統(tǒng)。
上一題考查了第二段,那么這一題應(yīng)該考查第二段以后的內(nèi)容了。第三段指出the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion,即未來汽車依然會存在交通擁堵問題。此后的兩段全部圍繞如何解決交通問題展開,說明了一種新的公路系統(tǒng)如何可以解決這一問題。這樣 的話,本題的答案應(yīng)該是C。A和B在第二段中都提到了,但只是一筆帶過,沒有繼續(xù)論述。D有一定迷惑性,要注意D說的是subway系統(tǒng),而不是文章所著 力說明的highway系統(tǒng)。D這個選項應(yīng)該是源于第四段which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically這句,但這里僅是把highway系統(tǒng)的一項裝置(rail)和subway(地鐵)的裝置進行對比而已(which指代前面的 rail,is similar to是“與……相似”,power做動詞講,指為地鐵列車提供電力。全句意思就是“與那些在地鐵里為列車提供電力的rail一樣”)。
23. A
題目問在自動公路系統(tǒng)中,是什么為汽車提供電力。
A,一根鐵軌。
B,一臺發(fā)動機。
C,一支可伸縮的機械臂。
D,一個電腦控制器。
文章講到自動公路系統(tǒng)的動力問題是在第四段。第四段一共三句話,句講的是汽車進入系統(tǒng)后,會從車身伸出一條可伸縮的機械臂,搭在一根鐵軌上。第二句講 的是與鐵軌連接后,汽車就交由公路系統(tǒng)提供電力作為動力。第三句講的是汽車的控制問題,講的是汽車的操控完全交予電腦。從這三句話可以看出,機械臂是從汽 車車身伸出的,不會提供電力,僅起到一個連接鐵軌的作用。鐵軌通過機械臂為汽車提供電力,并開始以電力作為動力,與發(fā)動機無關(guān)了。電腦只起控制汽車的作 用,與動力無關(guān)。這樣,本題應(yīng)該選A。
24. D
題目問在自動公路系統(tǒng)中,司機所要做的只有什么。
A,保持正確的行進路線。
B,等待后到達終點。
C,隨時與電腦中心保持聯(lián)系。
D,用電話把行車目的地告知系統(tǒng)。
文章的后一段講到了司機在自動公路系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)做哪些事情。首先是電話通知系統(tǒng)其行車目的地(The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system),此后電腦會計算行車路線并為該車保留行車路段(The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway)。后司機所要做的就是等待到達終點了。
從這里可以看出,司機需要做的事情是電話通知系統(tǒng)其行車目的地,D的說法與此相符。B的說法在文中雖然也可以找到,但等待本身不能算是實質(zhì)的事情。如果不輸入目的地,而只是等待的話,永遠也到不了要去的地方。
25. C
題目問作者對汽車未來的態(tài)度是怎樣的。
A,熱情的。
B,悲觀的。
C,樂觀的。
D,謹慎的。
作者在開頭首先介紹了兩種關(guān)于汽車未來的觀點,一是汽車將會被人廢棄,二是汽車依然會是城市交通的主要方式。此后,作者的論述一直以第二個觀點為前提展開。可見作者首先是看好汽車在未來世界的地位的。作者的觀點至少不是悲觀的。
第二段對未來汽車的變化進行了展望,作者認為汽車會朝向更小、更安全、更環(huán)保等方面發(fā)展。這一觀點應(yīng)該說是樂觀的。
第三段指出了未來汽車發(fā)展的問題所在,但馬上提出了解決方法,后兩段具體描述了這一方法。雖有問題,但可以解決,這里體現(xiàn)的還是樂觀的態(tài)度。
Enthusiastic是熱情的、充滿激情的意思,所表達的情緒非常熱烈,顯然并不符合文章的基調(diào)。Cautious所體現(xiàn)的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是樂觀方面與悲觀方面等量齊觀,同等重視,與文意同樣不符。綜上,C為合適。
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