歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1頁:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2頁:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3頁:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4頁:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5頁:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6頁:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9頁:2003.1-Passage One
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.
Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (颶風(fēng)) Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.
Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (燈籠)” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.
Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
36. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shore line are required ________.
A) to be easily reinforced
B) to look smarter in design
C) to meet stricter building standards
D) to be designed in the shape of cubes(C)
37. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because ________.
A) it is strengthened by steel rods
B) it is made of redwood
C) it is in the shape of a shell
D) it is built with timber and concrete(A)
38. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to ________.
A) withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr
B) anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
C) break huge sea waves into smaller ones
D) prevent water from rushing into the house(D)
39. The main function of the shell is ________.
A) to strengthen the pilings of the house
B) to give the house a better appearance
C) to protect the wooden frame of the house
D) to slow down the speed of the swelling water(B)
40. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.
A) fancy-looking
B) waterproof
C) easily breakable
D) extremely strong(C)
這篇材料的內(nèi)容核心是防風(fēng)暴的海邊房屋。文章開篇很有意思,巧妙地利用smart的多重含義,達(dá)到了雙關(guān)語的效果。Some houses are designed to be smart,Others have smart designs。smart的意思很多,如巧妙的,聰明的,漂亮的,瀟灑的,敏捷的。個smart應(yīng)該是漂亮、時髦的意思,而第二個則是聰明的意思。這兩句話的意思就是:有些房子設(shè)計(jì)時是為了漂亮,另一些房子的設(shè)計(jì)卻能顯現(xiàn)智慧。而后作者舉出了第二種情況的一個例子,這就引出了文章的核心:防風(fēng)屋,前文的smart則暗示文章討論的重點(diǎn)可能在于這種房屋的設(shè)計(jì)聰明在何處。
段語焉不詳,必然引起讀者諸多懸疑,第二段馬上把事情前前后后做了概述。這棟聰明的房屋位于南卡羅來納的某島嶼海岸,建造目的是為了代替十年前被颶風(fēng)摧毀的屋子。十年前的那場颶風(fēng)造成了18人死亡,破壞或摧毀36000座房屋(killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes)。這一數(shù)據(jù)旨在說明設(shè)計(jì)這樣一所“聰明”房屋的意義所在。
事件概述完畢,讀者基本了解了這棟房屋的由來。接下來,作者可以把房屋的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)過詳細(xì)說明了。
還是從為何要考慮建造這樣一座房屋說起。第二段已經(jīng)提到,原因是颶風(fēng)的破壞力太大,這也從另一方面說明房子的抗風(fēng)性很差。根據(jù)建筑師Ray Huff的說法,這里以前的房子都是簡簡單單建造起來,房子建造要求方面的法律也很松散(poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict)。颶風(fēng)給人們提了個醒(In Hugo’s wake),新的法規(guī)更為嚴(yán)格了,所有新建房屋必須能夠抵御一定量級颶風(fēng)的沖擊,比如Huff設(shè)計(jì)的這所房子就能抵御時速179 到209 公里的颶風(fēng)(should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane)。
房屋由來介紹完畢,該描述一下房屋本身了。第四段介紹了房子的外觀??催^房子的人說它在晚上就像一個大燈籠(it resemble “a large party lantern ” at night),而實(shí)際上,房屋的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)被鋼管加強(qiáng)了(long steel rods to give it extra strength.)。
這是房子設(shè)計(jì)上的個特點(diǎn):鋼管。為了使房子不受颶風(fēng)破壞,設(shè)計(jì)者還用木樁把房子支起,使其離地2.7米(raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings)。這是第二個特點(diǎn)。木樁都非常堅(jiān)固,足以支持房屋重量(strong enough to support the weight);而木樁提供的空間可以使海水從屋底流過,避免流入屋內(nèi)(pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it)。
后一段還講了另外一個設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)。Huff在木樁外面設(shè)計(jì)了一圈護(hù)板(the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell),這主要是出于視覺美觀的考慮(so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up)。這一設(shè)計(jì)會不會使得木樁結(jié)構(gòu)失效呢?不會,在遇到海水沖擊時,圍板會很容易破碎,從而讓海水從屋底流過(the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house)。
36. C
題目問在由Hugo颶風(fēng)所引起的災(zāi)難發(fā)生之后,南卡羅來納海岸附近的新建房屋被要求……
相關(guān)信息可以在第三段中找到:In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes,意思是在颶風(fēng)警醒下,新建的房子都必須要滿足更為嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。
A,簡單地加固。文中有相關(guān)描述,Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed。這里的poorly constructed與easily reinforced意思近似,不過注意這里是颶風(fēng)襲擊之前,而題目問的是之后。
B,設(shè)計(jì)上要看上去更為聰明。這一說法出現(xiàn)在段,特指Huff所設(shè)計(jì)的房子,而不是所有的新建房子。從道理上講,新建的房子只要滿足政府規(guī)定的要求就可以了,沒必要非要在聰明的設(shè)計(jì)上下功夫。
C,滿足更為嚴(yán)格的建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這個說法與我們的分析一致。
D,要設(shè)計(jì)成立方體形。立方體形也是Huff所設(shè)計(jì)房子的獨(dú)有特點(diǎn),此說法的錯誤與B一樣。
37. A
題目問獲獎的海邊房屋之所以非常堅(jiān)固是因?yàn)椤?
A,受到了鋼管的加固。
B,材料是紅木。
C,外形為殼狀。
D,由木材和混凝土筑成。
堅(jiān)固與否與設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān),答案應(yīng)該在描述房屋設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容中尋找。由篇章分析可知,文章講到這所獲獎房屋設(shè)計(jì)上的特點(diǎn)是后三段,每一段提到一種特點(diǎn),分別是第四段的鋼管加固(wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods),第五段的木樁懸撐(Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings),和第六段的圍板(the house’s ground-to-roof shell)。其中點(diǎn)是為了加固,第二點(diǎn)是為了避免海水沖入房內(nèi),第三點(diǎn)是為了美觀。顯然,這道題應(yīng)該選擇A。
38. D
題目問Huff利用木樁把房子撐起至離地2.7米的高度,目的是什么。
用木樁撐起房屋,這是文章所介紹的Huff設(shè)計(jì)中的第二點(diǎn)。答案應(yīng)該在第五段中尋找。
A,為了抵御快時速200公里的強(qiáng)風(fēng)。這是第三段末尾的一句話所提到的內(nèi)容,目的是為了說明如今的建房要求比以前要嚴(yán)格多了,與木樁無關(guān)。按道理來說,房子越高,抵御風(fēng)力的能力應(yīng)該越弱。
B,為了使更為堅(jiān)固的木樁深深地楔入沙地。第五段句話提到了類似內(nèi)容:long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand,木樁深入沙地,這應(yīng)該是為了使支撐房屋全部重量的木樁更為穩(wěn)固,與為何用木樁撐起房子的目的無關(guān)。
C,將巨大的海浪擊成細(xì)浪。第五段應(yīng)該沒有類似的說法,倒是第六段里出現(xiàn)了break apart這樣表示破碎的詞組,但是這里破碎的是圍板,不是海浪。
D,使海水不致沖入房內(nèi)。第五段后半部分是對目的的解釋。作者先是自己做了說明:The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it。這句話和D的說法一致。應(yīng)該選擇D。
39. B
題目問圍板的主要功能是什么。
A,加強(qiáng)房屋木樁的堅(jiān)固度。
B,使房屋外觀更加美觀。
C,保護(hù)房子的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
D,減緩暴漲海水的速度。
文章的結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰,講圍板的內(nèi)容完全限定在后一段。這一段一共三句話,句Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell,這里介紹的應(yīng)該是圍板的功能:遮住部分木樁。但這句話沒有講遮住的目的是什么。第二句用Huff的話交代了目的:the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,使房子不至于看起來像是光著腿——這應(yīng)該是出于美觀的考慮。第三句附帶說明圍板并不會影響海水從屋底通過。這樣的話,應(yīng)該選擇B。
40. C
這道題問從文章可以推斷出圍板應(yīng)當(dāng)是……
這道題依然是在講圍板,那好,后一段的三句話我們都已經(jīng)分析過了,只須看看四個選項(xiàng)是如何推理的,排除錯誤的說法即可。
A,外觀漂亮。后一段的三句話中講到美觀的只有第二句。不過這個美觀是指不至于使整個房屋樣貌太難看,至于圍板本身如何,文章沒有提到,也就無從推理。
B,防水。句說圍板可以把木樁遮住,似乎有防水功能,但第三句又說the shell should break apart,圍板可以被水沖碎,可見并不防水。
C,易碎。the shell should break apart這句話講到圍板在海水沖擊下會碎掉,但是不是很容易碎掉沒有說明。后面還有一句and let the waves rush under the house,意思是圍板碎掉是為了使海浪從屋底沖過。從這里可以推測,如果圍板不是很容易碎掉的話,那么沖擊力很強(qiáng)的海水就可能沖倒房屋,因此圍板一定是易碎的。可以選擇C。
D,極為堅(jiān)固。這個說法和C相反,是錯誤的。
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.
Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (颶風(fēng)) Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.
Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (燈籠)” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.
Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
36. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shore line are required ________.
A) to be easily reinforced
B) to look smarter in design
C) to meet stricter building standards
D) to be designed in the shape of cubes(C)
37. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because ________.
A) it is strengthened by steel rods
B) it is made of redwood
C) it is in the shape of a shell
D) it is built with timber and concrete(A)
38. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to ________.
A) withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr
B) anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
C) break huge sea waves into smaller ones
D) prevent water from rushing into the house(D)
39. The main function of the shell is ________.
A) to strengthen the pilings of the house
B) to give the house a better appearance
C) to protect the wooden frame of the house
D) to slow down the speed of the swelling water(B)
40. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.
A) fancy-looking
B) waterproof
C) easily breakable
D) extremely strong(C)
這篇材料的內(nèi)容核心是防風(fēng)暴的海邊房屋。文章開篇很有意思,巧妙地利用smart的多重含義,達(dá)到了雙關(guān)語的效果。Some houses are designed to be smart,Others have smart designs。smart的意思很多,如巧妙的,聰明的,漂亮的,瀟灑的,敏捷的。個smart應(yīng)該是漂亮、時髦的意思,而第二個則是聰明的意思。這兩句話的意思就是:有些房子設(shè)計(jì)時是為了漂亮,另一些房子的設(shè)計(jì)卻能顯現(xiàn)智慧。而后作者舉出了第二種情況的一個例子,這就引出了文章的核心:防風(fēng)屋,前文的smart則暗示文章討論的重點(diǎn)可能在于這種房屋的設(shè)計(jì)聰明在何處。
段語焉不詳,必然引起讀者諸多懸疑,第二段馬上把事情前前后后做了概述。這棟聰明的房屋位于南卡羅來納的某島嶼海岸,建造目的是為了代替十年前被颶風(fēng)摧毀的屋子。十年前的那場颶風(fēng)造成了18人死亡,破壞或摧毀36000座房屋(killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes)。這一數(shù)據(jù)旨在說明設(shè)計(jì)這樣一所“聰明”房屋的意義所在。
事件概述完畢,讀者基本了解了這棟房屋的由來。接下來,作者可以把房屋的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)過詳細(xì)說明了。
還是從為何要考慮建造這樣一座房屋說起。第二段已經(jīng)提到,原因是颶風(fēng)的破壞力太大,這也從另一方面說明房子的抗風(fēng)性很差。根據(jù)建筑師Ray Huff的說法,這里以前的房子都是簡簡單單建造起來,房子建造要求方面的法律也很松散(poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict)。颶風(fēng)給人們提了個醒(In Hugo’s wake),新的法規(guī)更為嚴(yán)格了,所有新建房屋必須能夠抵御一定量級颶風(fēng)的沖擊,比如Huff設(shè)計(jì)的這所房子就能抵御時速179 到209 公里的颶風(fēng)(should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane)。
房屋由來介紹完畢,該描述一下房屋本身了。第四段介紹了房子的外觀??催^房子的人說它在晚上就像一個大燈籠(it resemble “a large party lantern ” at night),而實(shí)際上,房屋的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)被鋼管加強(qiáng)了(long steel rods to give it extra strength.)。
這是房子設(shè)計(jì)上的個特點(diǎn):鋼管。為了使房子不受颶風(fēng)破壞,設(shè)計(jì)者還用木樁把房子支起,使其離地2.7米(raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings)。這是第二個特點(diǎn)。木樁都非常堅(jiān)固,足以支持房屋重量(strong enough to support the weight);而木樁提供的空間可以使海水從屋底流過,避免流入屋內(nèi)(pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it)。
后一段還講了另外一個設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)。Huff在木樁外面設(shè)計(jì)了一圈護(hù)板(the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell),這主要是出于視覺美觀的考慮(so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up)。這一設(shè)計(jì)會不會使得木樁結(jié)構(gòu)失效呢?不會,在遇到海水沖擊時,圍板會很容易破碎,從而讓海水從屋底流過(the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house)。
36. C
題目問在由Hugo颶風(fēng)所引起的災(zāi)難發(fā)生之后,南卡羅來納海岸附近的新建房屋被要求……
相關(guān)信息可以在第三段中找到:In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes,意思是在颶風(fēng)警醒下,新建的房子都必須要滿足更為嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。
A,簡單地加固。文中有相關(guān)描述,Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed。這里的poorly constructed與easily reinforced意思近似,不過注意這里是颶風(fēng)襲擊之前,而題目問的是之后。
B,設(shè)計(jì)上要看上去更為聰明。這一說法出現(xiàn)在段,特指Huff所設(shè)計(jì)的房子,而不是所有的新建房子。從道理上講,新建的房子只要滿足政府規(guī)定的要求就可以了,沒必要非要在聰明的設(shè)計(jì)上下功夫。
C,滿足更為嚴(yán)格的建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這個說法與我們的分析一致。
D,要設(shè)計(jì)成立方體形。立方體形也是Huff所設(shè)計(jì)房子的獨(dú)有特點(diǎn),此說法的錯誤與B一樣。
37. A
題目問獲獎的海邊房屋之所以非常堅(jiān)固是因?yàn)椤?
A,受到了鋼管的加固。
B,材料是紅木。
C,外形為殼狀。
D,由木材和混凝土筑成。
堅(jiān)固與否與設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān),答案應(yīng)該在描述房屋設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容中尋找。由篇章分析可知,文章講到這所獲獎房屋設(shè)計(jì)上的特點(diǎn)是后三段,每一段提到一種特點(diǎn),分別是第四段的鋼管加固(wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods),第五段的木樁懸撐(Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings),和第六段的圍板(the house’s ground-to-roof shell)。其中點(diǎn)是為了加固,第二點(diǎn)是為了避免海水沖入房內(nèi),第三點(diǎn)是為了美觀。顯然,這道題應(yīng)該選擇A。
38. D
題目問Huff利用木樁把房子撐起至離地2.7米的高度,目的是什么。
用木樁撐起房屋,這是文章所介紹的Huff設(shè)計(jì)中的第二點(diǎn)。答案應(yīng)該在第五段中尋找。
A,為了抵御快時速200公里的強(qiáng)風(fēng)。這是第三段末尾的一句話所提到的內(nèi)容,目的是為了說明如今的建房要求比以前要嚴(yán)格多了,與木樁無關(guān)。按道理來說,房子越高,抵御風(fēng)力的能力應(yīng)該越弱。
B,為了使更為堅(jiān)固的木樁深深地楔入沙地。第五段句話提到了類似內(nèi)容:long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand,木樁深入沙地,這應(yīng)該是為了使支撐房屋全部重量的木樁更為穩(wěn)固,與為何用木樁撐起房子的目的無關(guān)。
C,將巨大的海浪擊成細(xì)浪。第五段應(yīng)該沒有類似的說法,倒是第六段里出現(xiàn)了break apart這樣表示破碎的詞組,但是這里破碎的是圍板,不是海浪。
D,使海水不致沖入房內(nèi)。第五段后半部分是對目的的解釋。作者先是自己做了說明:The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it。這句話和D的說法一致。應(yīng)該選擇D。
39. B
題目問圍板的主要功能是什么。
A,加強(qiáng)房屋木樁的堅(jiān)固度。
B,使房屋外觀更加美觀。
C,保護(hù)房子的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
D,減緩暴漲海水的速度。
文章的結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰,講圍板的內(nèi)容完全限定在后一段。這一段一共三句話,句Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell,這里介紹的應(yīng)該是圍板的功能:遮住部分木樁。但這句話沒有講遮住的目的是什么。第二句用Huff的話交代了目的:the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,使房子不至于看起來像是光著腿——這應(yīng)該是出于美觀的考慮。第三句附帶說明圍板并不會影響海水從屋底通過。這樣的話,應(yīng)該選擇B。
40. C
這道題問從文章可以推斷出圍板應(yīng)當(dāng)是……
這道題依然是在講圍板,那好,后一段的三句話我們都已經(jīng)分析過了,只須看看四個選項(xiàng)是如何推理的,排除錯誤的說法即可。
A,外觀漂亮。后一段的三句話中講到美觀的只有第二句。不過這個美觀是指不至于使整個房屋樣貌太難看,至于圍板本身如何,文章沒有提到,也就無從推理。
B,防水。句說圍板可以把木樁遮住,似乎有防水功能,但第三句又說the shell should break apart,圍板可以被水沖碎,可見并不防水。
C,易碎。the shell should break apart這句話講到圍板在海水沖擊下會碎掉,但是不是很容易碎掉沒有說明。后面還有一句and let the waves rush under the house,意思是圍板碎掉是為了使海浪從屋底沖過。從這里可以推測,如果圍板不是很容易碎掉的話,那么沖擊力很強(qiáng)的海水就可能沖倒房屋,因此圍板一定是易碎的。可以選擇C。
D,極為堅(jiān)固。這個說法和C相反,是錯誤的。
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