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    歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)

      Passage Four
      Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
      In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”
      Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (壟斷者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (報復(fù)的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍賣), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
      26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.
      A) customer service in Israel is now improving
      B) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
      C) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
      D) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones(A)
      27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.
      A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management
      B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers
      C) if there’s no competition among companies
      D) without strict routine training of employees(C)
      28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.
      A) they can have it fixed in no time
      B) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointment
      C) the appointment takes only half a day to make
      D) they only have to wait half an hour at most(D)
      29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.
      A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises
      B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty
      C) a good slogan has great potential for improving service
      D) staff retraining is essential for better service(D)
      30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?
      A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.
      B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.
      C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.
      D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.(B)
      這兩段材料所要論述的核心是競爭使服務(wù)改善。雖然只是兩個大段,但分工比較明確。大段主要從以色列人的服務(wù)體驗的角度來說明競爭改善服務(wù)的種情形。第二段則提出第二點情形:私人化。
      段講以色列人所體驗的服務(wù)改善。改善總有緣由,開頭講到以色列人因為比從前更加有錢(become wealthier),見過的世面也更廣(more worldly-wise),所以出游的次數(shù)很多(one in 10 citizens will go abroad,十分之一的人出國旅游)。出國旅游的結(jié)果是體驗到了國外優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù),回國之后當然期望國內(nèi)的服務(wù)也具有同樣的質(zhì)量(Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same)。這是個緣由。與此同時,美國公司大批進入以色列。所謂外來的和尚會念經(jīng),美國公司給以色列人帶來了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)體驗。他們帶來了新的客戶服務(wù)標準,實施嚴格的員工培訓(xùn),時刻監(jiān)控待客員工對客戶是否友好。結(jié)果是,整個以色列的服務(wù)都開始改善,典型的例子就是美國式的Have a nice day問候語在以色列流行開來。這一段后一句揭示了現(xiàn)象下面的本質(zhì):Nothing happens without competition,這一切都是競爭所帶來的。
      第二段講的是私人化。句就開門見山指出私人化是帶來競爭從而使服務(wù)改善的原因。作者隨后的論述不是從正面論述,而是從私人化的反面——壟斷說起。這里的壟斷Monopolies應(yīng)該指的是國有企業(yè)的壟斷。壟斷會造成服務(wù)質(zhì)量下降,這是不爭的事實,而低劣的服務(wù)會給消費者造成傷害,終引發(fā)消費者的報復(fù)(the revengeful consumer)。文中舉了一個例子來說明這種報復(fù)的強度。政府允許一家私人公司Bezaq參與電信競爭,結(jié)果政府企業(yè)的國際分部馬上喪失了40%的市場份額,這是在它的費率比Bezaq還要低的情況下發(fā)生的。隨后,作者從正面說明私人化所帶來的競爭效果。首先是電力公司把派送維修人員的時間期限從半天縮短到了半小時。而一家航空公司在嚴格要求乘務(wù)人員提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù),并提出了要改變服務(wù)的口號。終的效果是消費者的好評如潮(praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
      26. A
      題目問從文中可以推斷出什么。因為這是題,一般情況下應(yīng)該結(jié)合段的內(nèi)容排除錯誤的選項。
      A,以色列的客戶服務(wù)正在改善。文中沒有直接提到以色列的客戶服務(wù)的改善,但從個別句子可以做出推斷。段前半部分在講以色列人因為經(jīng)常旅游、接觸到了國外高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)后,回到國內(nèi)對服務(wù)質(zhì)量的要求也增高了。后半部分講的是國外企業(yè)進入以色列后,帶來了一套新的標準(setting a new standard of customer service),并暗示競爭使服務(wù)變好。文中Let’s be nicer應(yīng)該指的就是服務(wù)變好。由此可見,A的說法是合理的。
      B,富有的以色列消費者很難取悅。這句話考查對Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise一句的理解。首先,這里的wealthier使用了比較級,即指比以前富有了的以色列人,富有是相對的,并不指的就是富人,從這一點就可以排除B。More demanding含有要求更高的意思,“要求更高”和“很難取悅”在程度上應(yīng)該還是存在一定距離的。
      C,旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)為以色列帶來了連鎖企業(yè)。根據(jù)文意,連鎖企業(yè)并不是旅游業(yè)帶來的。根據(jù)對選項A的分析可知,旅游業(yè)帶來的是國民對服務(wù)更高的要求,而不是連鎖企業(yè)。
      D,相對于國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品,以色列消費者更青睞國外產(chǎn)品。文中提到了KFC等國外企業(yè)的涌入,其結(jié)果是競爭促進了服務(wù)質(zhì)量的提高。至于消費者更加青睞哪一方,文中并沒有相關(guān)描述。
      27.C
      題目問在作者看來,在以色列不可能實現(xiàn)更高的服務(wù)標準(條件是)……
      A,如果管理層無視顧客的抱怨之聲。
      B,除非外國公司更大數(shù)量地引入國內(nèi)。
      C,如果公司之間沒有競爭。
      D,如果不對員工嚴格進行常規(guī)培訓(xùn)。
      這道題應(yīng)該說比較簡單,因為段文末已經(jīng)給出直接的答案Nothing happens without competition,Nothing happens應(yīng)該指的就是不能實現(xiàn)更高的服務(wù)標準,條件是without competition(沒有競爭)。應(yīng)該選擇C。
      段沒有提到管理層或者是客戶的抱怨,因此可以排除A。
      根據(jù)文意,外國公司進入以色列已經(jīng)帶來了競爭,而競爭已經(jīng)使服務(wù)質(zhì)量上升,文章沒有強調(diào)非更多引入外國公司不可的意思。因此可以排除B。
      這里也沒有提到員工培訓(xùn)問題,D的說法是子虛烏有,可以排除。
      28. D
      題目問如今在以色列如果有人需要維修人員來解決停電問題,那么……
      A,立即就會得到修理。
      B,已經(jīng)沒有必要預(yù)約。
      C,預(yù)約只需半天時間。
      D,他們多只需等待半小時。
      這道題考查對這兩句話的理解:The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.
      句是說電力公司曾經(jīng)讓用戶等待半天時間,第二句則說現(xiàn)在只需要半小時。題目問的是現(xiàn)在(today)的情況,所以應(yīng)該是半小時,選擇D。
      29. D
      題目問El A1航空公司的例子說明了什么。
      A,含有報復(fù)心態(tài)的消費者對壟斷巨頭來說是一個威脅。
      B,做廣告是身處財政困境企業(yè)的一條出路。
      C,對于服務(wù)改善來說,一條好的口號具有很大的潛力。
      D,員工再培訓(xùn)對于提高服務(wù)來說是至關(guān)重要的。
      文中敘述這家航空公司采取了兩項措施來解決危機,一是對員工進行服務(wù)方面的再培訓(xùn)(has retrained its employees to emphasize service),二是做廣告,以口號來宣傳自己(在服務(wù)上)已經(jīng)今非昔比 (is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,“You can feel the change in the air.”),而后作者指出這些措施的成效:好評次超過了抱怨( For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
      A指的是電力公司的例子,可以排除。
      B講的是文中的第二條措施:廣告宣傳。但文中的廣告是指宣傳自己的服務(wù)正在改善,服務(wù)是本質(zhì),而不是泛泛地做企業(yè)廣告。因此B的說法不準確。
      C的說法顛倒了服務(wù)和口號的關(guān)系。在文中,航空公司首先進行服務(wù)改善,而后使用口號來宣傳服務(wù)。而C的意思是依靠口號來進行服務(wù)改善,顯然是錯誤的。
      D的說法恰好是航空公司條措施的內(nèi)容,是正確的。
      30. B
      題目問Bezaq的國際分部為什么會失去其40%的市場份額。
      A,因為它報收的費用還不夠具有競爭力。
      B,因為客戶們對其過去的服務(wù)不滿。
      C,因為它的競爭對手所提供的服務(wù)遠好于它。
      D,因為它不再受到政府的任何支持。
      這道題考查對這一句的理解:When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.”
      句說的是政府開放了Bezaq的競爭,也就是為該行業(yè)引入競爭對手,這當然并沒有說不再受到政府的任何支持,D不對。
      之后說的是題干所講的該公司失去了40%份額的事實,此后是while引導(dǎo)的一個條件,意思是“即便在提供具有競爭力費率的情況下”。這說明Bezaq的費率比競爭對手還要低,因此A不對。
      至于這其中的原因,后一句話給出了解釋:人們要對該公司過去的惡劣服務(wù)進行報復(fù)。符合這個意思的是B,C雖然也提到了服務(wù),但文中沒有論述現(xiàn)在Bezaq的服務(wù)如何,所以并不正確。

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