歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1頁:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2頁:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3頁:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4頁:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5頁:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6頁:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9頁:2003.1-Passage One
2003.6
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log hall that time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%
“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危機(jī)) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)
All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?
21. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means ________.
A) children have little time to play with their parents
B) children are not taken good care of by their working parents
C) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time
D) both parents and children have trouble managing their time(D)
22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ________.
A) quite convincing
B) partially true
C) totally groundless
D) rather confusing(B)
23. According to the author a child develops better if ________.
A) he has plenty of time reading and studying
B) he is left to play with his peers in his own way
C) he has more time participating in school activities
D) he is free to interact with his working parents(D)
24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ________.
A) are engaged in more and more structured activities
B) are increasingly neglected by their working mothers
C) are spending more and more time watching TV
D) are involved less and less in household work(A)
25. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligence
B) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
C) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
D) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children(C)
這四段材料講述的是當(dāng)今美國兒童生活時(shí)間分配上的變化,是按照陳述現(xiàn)象、探究原因和闡釋后果的順序進(jìn)行論述的。
段告訴我們要討論的問題是什么。句話先是指明兒童年齡是3-12歲,而后是這些兒童在各類活動(dòng)中花去的時(shí)間,并將現(xiàn)在的數(shù)據(jù)與1981年進(jìn)行對比。首先是每周在校時(shí)間,29小時(shí),比1981長8小時(shí)(29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981);在家務(wù)勞動(dòng)和足球、芭蕾舞等集體活動(dòng)中所花的時(shí)間也多于過去,尤其是在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)方面,已經(jīng)增長了一半的時(shí)間(sports, in particular, rose almost 50%)。與此相反,兒童的休閑時(shí)間卻從1981年的40%降到了現(xiàn)在的25%(leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%)。
現(xiàn)象陳述完畢,是什么原因造成了這種時(shí)間分配上的變化呢?第二段中間部分有直接的說明:A chief reason is that more mothers are working outside the home,一個(gè)主要原因是母親們更多地在外工作。括號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容是不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)下孩子與父母們交流的時(shí)間,雙親同時(shí)工作的(double-income)為19小時(shí),父親一人工作的為22小時(shí),而單身母親(single mother)家庭只有9小時(shí)。
玩耍時(shí)間過少會(huì)有什么后果呢?make for some very messed-up kids,make for詞組表示“導(dǎo)致”。作者引用權(quán)威人士的話強(qiáng)調(diào)了玩耍的重要性:玩耍是孩子接觸與學(xué)習(xí)世界的有效的方式(Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself),玩??梢约ぐl(fā)獨(dú)立思考能力(independent thinking),同時(shí)能幫助孩子發(fā)展與別的兒童的關(guān)系。
更為嚴(yán)重的是,下降到如此程度的休閑時(shí)間,卻依然要從中分出四分之一用來看電視(spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television),而父母們竟然把這一現(xiàn)象當(dāng)作是好事。減少看電視時(shí)間的好處是,孩子們可以用更多的時(shí)間來讀書(kids aren’t replacing it with reading)。孩子們實(shí)際花在閱讀上的時(shí)間僅是每周一個(gè)多小時(shí)。
21. C
這道題問Sandra Hofferth 所說的the same time crunch是什么意思。
A,孩子們很少有時(shí)間和父母玩耍。
B,忙于工作的父母沒有給予孩子很好的照料。
C,父母和孩子都受害于空閑時(shí)間的缺乏。
D,父母和孩子都存在時(shí)間分配的問題。
判斷短句意思這種題要在上下文中尋找答案。首先看這個(gè)短語所在句子的意思:Children are affected by the same time crunch (危機(jī)) that affects their parents,直譯為孩子們被同樣影響他們父母的時(shí)間危機(jī)所影響。其次要看前后段落的意思。
段講的是孩子們在時(shí)間分配上的變化,作者后的結(jié)論是children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%,即孩子們的休閑時(shí)間從40%降到了25%。而下文講的是造成孩子們面臨這一時(shí)間危機(jī)的原因:更多的母親在外工作。
從段我們可以得到這樣的信息:作者后一句的用詞,首先是使用了帶有總結(jié)性質(zhì)的all in all,而后是轉(zhuǎn)折性質(zhì)的however,這兩處用詞說明作者寫作這一整段的內(nèi)容,其目的都是為了后強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也就是孩子們休閑時(shí)間的減少。
從下文可以得到這樣的信息:更多母親在外工作的反面是母親們待在家中;待在家中的好處是什么?是有更多的時(shí)間和孩子們在一起。和孩子們待在一起的時(shí)間也可以稱為上班后的母親們的休閑時(shí)間了。
前后文的信息都指向了一點(diǎn):休閑時(shí)間的減少。
觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),其實(shí)都是有道理的,沒有哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。A所說的孩子們少有時(shí)間和父母玩耍是第三段著重論述的中心,不過休閑時(shí)間里不見得就是指的玩耍,比如還有后一段所說的讀書。
B所說的上班的父母沒有給孩子很好的照料也是事實(shí),不過這和time crunch(時(shí)間危機(jī))的聯(lián)系稍有距離。
D所說的時(shí)間分配問題是從孩子和父母為出發(fā)點(diǎn),那么一個(gè)孩子如何獲得了管理自己時(shí)間的能力呢?孩子的時(shí)間分配應(yīng)該是由大人來管理的,所以他們不具備managing的能力,D的說法是錯(cuò)誤的。
22. B
這道題問根據(jù)作者說法,Sandra Hofferth就時(shí)間危機(jī)給出的原因如何如何。
A,非常具有說服力。
B,部分正確。
C,完全沒有根據(jù)。
D,難以理解。
Sandra Hofferth給出的原因是more mothers are working outside the home(更多的母親在外工作),在原因的后面跟了一對括號對這一原因進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充說明,括號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該就是本文作者的觀點(diǎn)。
作者評述的個(gè)詞就是Nevertheless,意思是“不過、但是”,表轉(zhuǎn)折含義,這至少說明了作者是對Sandra Hofferth的說法不是完全支持的。后面的內(nèi)容是對不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)下孩子與父母相處時(shí)間的差異:雙親同時(shí)工作的(double-income)為19小時(shí),父親一人工作的為22小時(shí),而單身母親(single mother)家庭只有9小時(shí)。作者羅列三種情況旨在說明Sandra Hofferth的說法有一刀切的嫌疑,需要具體問題具體分析;不過從單身母親和雙親工作家庭時(shí)間明顯少于父親一人工作的家庭來看,Sandra Hofferth的說法在大方向上是對的。所以,可以認(rèn)為B的說法正確。
23. B
題目問根據(jù)作者的說法,一個(gè)孩子在什么情況下會(huì)更好地成長。
A,如果他擁有充足的時(shí)間用來讀書和學(xué)習(xí)。
B,如果讓他和同伴們自由玩耍。
C,如果他有更多的時(shí)間參加學(xué)?;顒?dòng)。
D,如果他有自由的時(shí)間和工作的父母交流。
這個(gè)問題看似有些空泛,好像涉及到全文內(nèi)容。不過按照四六級閱讀題的出題規(guī)律,既然第二段在上一題已經(jīng)考查過了,按照順序,這道題的答案應(yīng)該去直接第三段尋找。
句話是All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids,指出沒有玩耍的孩子可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題。可以看出這句話和B的說法聯(lián)系緊密。此后作者對玩耍的重要性進(jìn)行了闡述。首先是引用一位大學(xué)教授的話說明玩耍對孩子成長的重要意義(Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself),而后,在后一句話中指出玩耍對孩子成長的實(shí)際作用。后一句話的Unstructured play恰好與B的in his own way意義一致,都指大人不干涉孩子,任其與同伴自由玩耍。到此可以肯定B為正確答案。
其實(shí)A、D的說法在文中都有論述(A在后一段,D在第二段),其說法本身是正確的,但是否可以和孩子的成長聯(lián)系起來則很難說,至少文章沒有直接說明這一點(diǎn)。這時(shí)依據(jù)四級閱讀的出題規(guī)律,直接在第三段查找答案,我們的思路就豁然開朗了。
24. A
題目問作者所關(guān)心的事實(shí)是美國孩子……。
A,參加的活動(dòng)中有組織的活動(dòng)越來越多。
B,越來越受到他們上班母親的忽視。
C,用來看電視的時(shí)間越來越多。
D,做的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)越來越少。
這個(gè)題的關(guān)鍵詞不是很突出,只能確定為American kids, 同時(shí)結(jié)合題目的順序來縮小搜尋范圍。本題是倒數(shù)第二題,應(yīng)該考查文章后半部分的內(nèi)容,又了解到上一題已經(jīng)考查了第三段,所以本題考查第四段的可能性大。不 過,鑒于文章一共才四段,第四段應(yīng)該會(huì)留給后一題,所以考查第三段后半部分的可能性也是有的。因此,應(yīng)該從第三段后半部分開始尋找相關(guān)信息。
第三段后半部分是這樣的:Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it——這句話以but為分界線,前面講的是無組織的玩耍給孩子們帶來的益處,后面講的是孩子們很少有時(shí)間參與無組織的玩耍這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A的說法和這句話相關(guān),不過A是從相反角度來講的,也就是原文說法為無組織的玩耍很少,而A認(rèn)為有組織的活動(dòng)增多。這二者能不能劃等號呢?不能妄下定論。不過,從段的綜述中可以找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容支持A的說法。段中提到They also did more household work(這句話否定了D的說法) and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet,這里的organized activities應(yīng)該等于structured activities,由此可以判斷A說法本身是正確的。但A所述事實(shí)是不是作者所憂慮的呢?段沒有明確指出這一點(diǎn),答案還是需要回到第三段后一句話中來尋找。作者闡述了無組織玩耍的好處,之后話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),指出孩子們很少參與這種活動(dòng),這種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系應(yīng)該能夠體現(xiàn)出作者的憂慮之情。
B的說法是第二段的內(nèi)容,為正確答案的可能性不大。從第二段來看,或許B的說法在文中確實(shí)提到,但作者卻并未流露出憂慮之情。
C的說法是第四段的內(nèi)容。作者在第四段指出孩子們把空閑時(shí)間的四分之一的時(shí)間用來看電視,也對這種現(xiàn)象表示了擔(dān)心。但這些時(shí)間是否比以前多,則沒有明確提到。
25. A
題目問我們能從文章中推斷出什么。
A,課外活動(dòng)有助于提升孩子們的智力。
B,如果關(guān)掉電視機(jī),多數(shù)孩子會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而去讀書。
C,目的在于培養(yǎng)孩子們的讀書興趣的努力已經(jīng)頗有成果。
D,多數(shù)家長認(rèn)為讀書對孩子們有益。
這是一道推理題,同時(shí)也是后一題,考查的內(nèi)容可能是全文也可能是后一段。觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),基本都與閱讀reading有關(guān),可以判斷考查的是后一段。推理題需要采用排除法,把每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對比,排除錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。
A的說法是第三段的內(nèi)容,相關(guān)句是:Unstructured play encourages independent thinking。如果Unstructured play等于extracurricular activities,那么A是正確的。有組織的玩??梢砸暈轶w育課上足球或芭蕾舞課(段提到),這些都是正式的課程,那么無組織的玩耍也就可以視為課外活動(dòng)。A的說法勉強(qiáng)可以算對,是否選擇A還要結(jié)合其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
B的相關(guān)句:If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading.后半句說明孩子們不會(huì)以閱讀來取代看電視,B是錯(cuò)誤的。
C的相關(guān)句:Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading,意思是盡管人們付出努力來培養(yǎng)孩子的讀書興趣,但孩子們一周僅有一個(gè)多小時(shí)用來讀書。這一結(jié)果顯然不是fruitful。
D的說法在文中沒有直接提到。但有一句話與D稍有關(guān)系:But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news.這句話說明父母們把孩子們看電視視為好事,看電視和讀書是對立的關(guān)系,所以這至少證明父母們沒有多么支持讀書。另外還有一句:Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books,不過這里的efforts的施動(dòng)者是否為父母們不得而知,即便是父母們,也沒有體現(xiàn)出大多數(shù)(most)父母這一層含義。
綜合這些分析,可以判斷A是正確的。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log hall that time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%
“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危機(jī)) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)
All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?
21. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means ________.
A) children have little time to play with their parents
B) children are not taken good care of by their working parents
C) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time
D) both parents and children have trouble managing their time(D)
22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ________.
A) quite convincing
B) partially true
C) totally groundless
D) rather confusing(B)
23. According to the author a child develops better if ________.
A) he has plenty of time reading and studying
B) he is left to play with his peers in his own way
C) he has more time participating in school activities
D) he is free to interact with his working parents(D)
24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ________.
A) are engaged in more and more structured activities
B) are increasingly neglected by their working mothers
C) are spending more and more time watching TV
D) are involved less and less in household work(A)
25. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligence
B) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
C) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
D) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children(C)
這四段材料講述的是當(dāng)今美國兒童生活時(shí)間分配上的變化,是按照陳述現(xiàn)象、探究原因和闡釋后果的順序進(jìn)行論述的。
段告訴我們要討論的問題是什么。句話先是指明兒童年齡是3-12歲,而后是這些兒童在各類活動(dòng)中花去的時(shí)間,并將現(xiàn)在的數(shù)據(jù)與1981年進(jìn)行對比。首先是每周在校時(shí)間,29小時(shí),比1981長8小時(shí)(29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981);在家務(wù)勞動(dòng)和足球、芭蕾舞等集體活動(dòng)中所花的時(shí)間也多于過去,尤其是在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)方面,已經(jīng)增長了一半的時(shí)間(sports, in particular, rose almost 50%)。與此相反,兒童的休閑時(shí)間卻從1981年的40%降到了現(xiàn)在的25%(leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%)。
現(xiàn)象陳述完畢,是什么原因造成了這種時(shí)間分配上的變化呢?第二段中間部分有直接的說明:A chief reason is that more mothers are working outside the home,一個(gè)主要原因是母親們更多地在外工作。括號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容是不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)下孩子與父母們交流的時(shí)間,雙親同時(shí)工作的(double-income)為19小時(shí),父親一人工作的為22小時(shí),而單身母親(single mother)家庭只有9小時(shí)。
玩耍時(shí)間過少會(huì)有什么后果呢?make for some very messed-up kids,make for詞組表示“導(dǎo)致”。作者引用權(quán)威人士的話強(qiáng)調(diào)了玩耍的重要性:玩耍是孩子接觸與學(xué)習(xí)世界的有效的方式(Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself),玩??梢约ぐl(fā)獨(dú)立思考能力(independent thinking),同時(shí)能幫助孩子發(fā)展與別的兒童的關(guān)系。
更為嚴(yán)重的是,下降到如此程度的休閑時(shí)間,卻依然要從中分出四分之一用來看電視(spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television),而父母們竟然把這一現(xiàn)象當(dāng)作是好事。減少看電視時(shí)間的好處是,孩子們可以用更多的時(shí)間來讀書(kids aren’t replacing it with reading)。孩子們實(shí)際花在閱讀上的時(shí)間僅是每周一個(gè)多小時(shí)。
21. C
這道題問Sandra Hofferth 所說的the same time crunch是什么意思。
A,孩子們很少有時(shí)間和父母玩耍。
B,忙于工作的父母沒有給予孩子很好的照料。
C,父母和孩子都受害于空閑時(shí)間的缺乏。
D,父母和孩子都存在時(shí)間分配的問題。
判斷短句意思這種題要在上下文中尋找答案。首先看這個(gè)短語所在句子的意思:Children are affected by the same time crunch (危機(jī)) that affects their parents,直譯為孩子們被同樣影響他們父母的時(shí)間危機(jī)所影響。其次要看前后段落的意思。
段講的是孩子們在時(shí)間分配上的變化,作者后的結(jié)論是children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%,即孩子們的休閑時(shí)間從40%降到了25%。而下文講的是造成孩子們面臨這一時(shí)間危機(jī)的原因:更多的母親在外工作。
從段我們可以得到這樣的信息:作者后一句的用詞,首先是使用了帶有總結(jié)性質(zhì)的all in all,而后是轉(zhuǎn)折性質(zhì)的however,這兩處用詞說明作者寫作這一整段的內(nèi)容,其目的都是為了后強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也就是孩子們休閑時(shí)間的減少。
從下文可以得到這樣的信息:更多母親在外工作的反面是母親們待在家中;待在家中的好處是什么?是有更多的時(shí)間和孩子們在一起。和孩子們待在一起的時(shí)間也可以稱為上班后的母親們的休閑時(shí)間了。
前后文的信息都指向了一點(diǎn):休閑時(shí)間的減少。
觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),其實(shí)都是有道理的,沒有哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。A所說的孩子們少有時(shí)間和父母玩耍是第三段著重論述的中心,不過休閑時(shí)間里不見得就是指的玩耍,比如還有后一段所說的讀書。
B所說的上班的父母沒有給孩子很好的照料也是事實(shí),不過這和time crunch(時(shí)間危機(jī))的聯(lián)系稍有距離。
D所說的時(shí)間分配問題是從孩子和父母為出發(fā)點(diǎn),那么一個(gè)孩子如何獲得了管理自己時(shí)間的能力呢?孩子的時(shí)間分配應(yīng)該是由大人來管理的,所以他們不具備managing的能力,D的說法是錯(cuò)誤的。
22. B
這道題問根據(jù)作者說法,Sandra Hofferth就時(shí)間危機(jī)給出的原因如何如何。
A,非常具有說服力。
B,部分正確。
C,完全沒有根據(jù)。
D,難以理解。
Sandra Hofferth給出的原因是more mothers are working outside the home(更多的母親在外工作),在原因的后面跟了一對括號對這一原因進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充說明,括號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該就是本文作者的觀點(diǎn)。
作者評述的個(gè)詞就是Nevertheless,意思是“不過、但是”,表轉(zhuǎn)折含義,這至少說明了作者是對Sandra Hofferth的說法不是完全支持的。后面的內(nèi)容是對不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)下孩子與父母相處時(shí)間的差異:雙親同時(shí)工作的(double-income)為19小時(shí),父親一人工作的為22小時(shí),而單身母親(single mother)家庭只有9小時(shí)。作者羅列三種情況旨在說明Sandra Hofferth的說法有一刀切的嫌疑,需要具體問題具體分析;不過從單身母親和雙親工作家庭時(shí)間明顯少于父親一人工作的家庭來看,Sandra Hofferth的說法在大方向上是對的。所以,可以認(rèn)為B的說法正確。
23. B
題目問根據(jù)作者的說法,一個(gè)孩子在什么情況下會(huì)更好地成長。
A,如果他擁有充足的時(shí)間用來讀書和學(xué)習(xí)。
B,如果讓他和同伴們自由玩耍。
C,如果他有更多的時(shí)間參加學(xué)?;顒?dòng)。
D,如果他有自由的時(shí)間和工作的父母交流。
這個(gè)問題看似有些空泛,好像涉及到全文內(nèi)容。不過按照四六級閱讀題的出題規(guī)律,既然第二段在上一題已經(jīng)考查過了,按照順序,這道題的答案應(yīng)該去直接第三段尋找。
句話是All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids,指出沒有玩耍的孩子可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題。可以看出這句話和B的說法聯(lián)系緊密。此后作者對玩耍的重要性進(jìn)行了闡述。首先是引用一位大學(xué)教授的話說明玩耍對孩子成長的重要意義(Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself),而后,在后一句話中指出玩耍對孩子成長的實(shí)際作用。后一句話的Unstructured play恰好與B的in his own way意義一致,都指大人不干涉孩子,任其與同伴自由玩耍。到此可以肯定B為正確答案。
其實(shí)A、D的說法在文中都有論述(A在后一段,D在第二段),其說法本身是正確的,但是否可以和孩子的成長聯(lián)系起來則很難說,至少文章沒有直接說明這一點(diǎn)。這時(shí)依據(jù)四級閱讀的出題規(guī)律,直接在第三段查找答案,我們的思路就豁然開朗了。
24. A
題目問作者所關(guān)心的事實(shí)是美國孩子……。
A,參加的活動(dòng)中有組織的活動(dòng)越來越多。
B,越來越受到他們上班母親的忽視。
C,用來看電視的時(shí)間越來越多。
D,做的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)越來越少。
這個(gè)題的關(guān)鍵詞不是很突出,只能確定為American kids, 同時(shí)結(jié)合題目的順序來縮小搜尋范圍。本題是倒數(shù)第二題,應(yīng)該考查文章后半部分的內(nèi)容,又了解到上一題已經(jīng)考查了第三段,所以本題考查第四段的可能性大。不 過,鑒于文章一共才四段,第四段應(yīng)該會(huì)留給后一題,所以考查第三段后半部分的可能性也是有的。因此,應(yīng)該從第三段后半部分開始尋找相關(guān)信息。
第三段后半部分是這樣的:Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it——這句話以but為分界線,前面講的是無組織的玩耍給孩子們帶來的益處,后面講的是孩子們很少有時(shí)間參與無組織的玩耍這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A的說法和這句話相關(guān),不過A是從相反角度來講的,也就是原文說法為無組織的玩耍很少,而A認(rèn)為有組織的活動(dòng)增多。這二者能不能劃等號呢?不能妄下定論。不過,從段的綜述中可以找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容支持A的說法。段中提到They also did more household work(這句話否定了D的說法) and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet,這里的organized activities應(yīng)該等于structured activities,由此可以判斷A說法本身是正確的。但A所述事實(shí)是不是作者所憂慮的呢?段沒有明確指出這一點(diǎn),答案還是需要回到第三段后一句話中來尋找。作者闡述了無組織玩耍的好處,之后話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),指出孩子們很少參與這種活動(dòng),這種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系應(yīng)該能夠體現(xiàn)出作者的憂慮之情。
B的說法是第二段的內(nèi)容,為正確答案的可能性不大。從第二段來看,或許B的說法在文中確實(shí)提到,但作者卻并未流露出憂慮之情。
C的說法是第四段的內(nèi)容。作者在第四段指出孩子們把空閑時(shí)間的四分之一的時(shí)間用來看電視,也對這種現(xiàn)象表示了擔(dān)心。但這些時(shí)間是否比以前多,則沒有明確提到。
25. A
題目問我們能從文章中推斷出什么。
A,課外活動(dòng)有助于提升孩子們的智力。
B,如果關(guān)掉電視機(jī),多數(shù)孩子會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而去讀書。
C,目的在于培養(yǎng)孩子們的讀書興趣的努力已經(jīng)頗有成果。
D,多數(shù)家長認(rèn)為讀書對孩子們有益。
這是一道推理題,同時(shí)也是后一題,考查的內(nèi)容可能是全文也可能是后一段。觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),基本都與閱讀reading有關(guān),可以判斷考查的是后一段。推理題需要采用排除法,把每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對比,排除錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。
A的說法是第三段的內(nèi)容,相關(guān)句是:Unstructured play encourages independent thinking。如果Unstructured play等于extracurricular activities,那么A是正確的。有組織的玩??梢砸暈轶w育課上足球或芭蕾舞課(段提到),這些都是正式的課程,那么無組織的玩耍也就可以視為課外活動(dòng)。A的說法勉強(qiáng)可以算對,是否選擇A還要結(jié)合其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
B的相關(guān)句:If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading.后半句說明孩子們不會(huì)以閱讀來取代看電視,B是錯(cuò)誤的。
C的相關(guān)句:Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading,意思是盡管人們付出努力來培養(yǎng)孩子的讀書興趣,但孩子們一周僅有一個(gè)多小時(shí)用來讀書。這一結(jié)果顯然不是fruitful。
D的說法在文中沒有直接提到。但有一句話與D稍有關(guān)系:But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news.這句話說明父母們把孩子們看電視視為好事,看電視和讀書是對立的關(guān)系,所以這至少證明父母們沒有多么支持讀書。另外還有一句:Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books,不過這里的efforts的施動(dòng)者是否為父母們不得而知,即便是父母們,也沒有體現(xiàn)出大多數(shù)(most)父母這一層含義。
綜合這些分析,可以判斷A是正確的。
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