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    您現(xiàn)在的位置:233網(wǎng)校 >> 英語四級考試 >> 閱讀 >> 閱讀真題 >> 文章內(nèi)容

    歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)

      Passage Three
      Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
      It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.
      So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.
      Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
      Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆發(fā)) for the first time and that they plan similar studies.
      Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.
      The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second—slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (聽診器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.
      31. The passage is chiefly about ________.
      A) an effort to protect an endangered marine species
      B) the civilian use of a military detection system
      C) the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon
      D) a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales(B)
      32. The underwater listening system was originally designed ________.
      A) to trace and locate enemy vessels
      B) to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions
      C) to study the movement of ocean currents
      D) to replace the global radio communications network(A)
      33. The deep-sea listening system makes use of ________.
      A) the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water
      B) the capability of sound to travel at high speed
      C) the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound
      D) low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water(C)
      34. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
      A) new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales
      B) blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system
      C) opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology
      D) military technology has great potential in civilian use(D)
      35. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?
      A) It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.
      B) It has been replaced by a more advanced system.
      C) It became useless to the military after the cold war.
      D) It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.(A)
      這篇材料講的是美國軍用技術(shù)的民用化。開頭用追蹤藍鯨的例子來引出一個問題,即水下跟蹤技術(shù)的難度頗高。這就不免引起人們對問題解決方法的關(guān)注,而第二段就順理成章地介紹近發(fā)生的一件事,此事給段的問題提供了解決辦法:科學家成功地追蹤了一條藍鯨43天,并監(jiān)聽了它的聲音。成功的關(guān)鍵就是應用了美國海軍曾經(jīng)的水下監(jiān)聽絕密設備(because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans)。
      這樣,文章的核心論題就出現(xiàn)了:美國軍用技術(shù)——水下監(jiān)聽技術(shù)的民用化。此后,作者開始詳細地闡述與論題有關(guān)的信息。
      首先是事情的原委。冷戰(zhàn)以后,美國海軍即開始與民間科學家分享其水下監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)(after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system)。這一系統(tǒng)初的用途是追蹤潛在敵人的船只。(track the ships of potential enemies)。
      而后是水下監(jiān)聽技術(shù)民用化的又一事例??茖W家們應用這一系統(tǒng)次細致地監(jiān)控一次深水火山爆發(fā)的過程(used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption)。
      另有科學家打算使用這一系統(tǒng)來追蹤洋流,分析海洋變化和全球溫度變化(use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures)。
      后一段簡單解釋了這一系統(tǒng)的工作原理。聲音在水中的傳播速度大約是每秒一英里,介于在陸地和空氣之間(The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second—slower than through land but faster than through air)。這是水下追蹤聲音的基本條件。海洋的不同水層可以作為聲音傳播的不同通道,這些通道可以使聲音更為集中,其原理等同于聽診器將病人胸部的聲音集中加強傳給醫(yī)生。這就使得非常微弱的聲音也能在海水中傳播上千英里(can often travel thousands of miles),從而被這一系統(tǒng)所監(jiān)測到。這是水下追蹤聲音的重要條件。
      31. B
      題目問這篇文章主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于什么的。這是一道全文總結(jié)性的題目,這種題出現(xiàn)在道的情況并不多見。
      A,保護一種海上瀕危生物的努力。這里的海上瀕危生物指的是段提到的藍鯨(blue whale),不過關(guān)于藍鯨的描述僅僅局限于段,其余部分就不再出現(xiàn)保護藍鯨的內(nèi)容,因此A的說法過于片面。
      B,一種軍事探測技術(shù)的民用化。前四段舉出的事例都可以歸為軍事探測技術(shù)民用化,后一段講解了這一探測技術(shù)的原理,總體來看,文章主要內(nèi)容是軍事探測技術(shù)的民用化,B的說法正確。
      C,一種美國海軍絕密武器的曝光。這里的絕密武器指的是水下監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng),文中提到Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system,這里有uncover一詞,可以算是exposure的注腳,不過,僅僅曝光是不夠的,文中的諸多例子都是科學家把曝光后的技術(shù)用于民用的 例子,因此文章主體還是在講述絕密武器在民間的應用,而不僅僅是曝光。
      D,一種觀察藍鯨行為的新的方式。這個選項的錯誤和A一樣,把內(nèi)容局限于藍鯨。除了藍鯨之外,文中還提到了火山爆發(fā)、洋流等等現(xiàn)象,A的說法過于片面了。
      32. A
      題目問水下監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)初設計是用來……
      A,跟蹤定位敵方船只。
      B,監(jiān)聽深?;鹕奖l(fā)。
      C,研究洋流運動。
      D,取代全球無線電傳播系統(tǒng)。
      題目中需要注意的一個單詞是originally,意為初,指水下監(jiān)聽設備在被美軍初設計時的用途。文中有一句話對此作了交代:the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies,這句話的賓語是global network of underwater listening system,而后的built可以還原為which was built,其引導的句子可視為一個定語從句,是對這一系統(tǒng)的修飾。Over the decades,表示時間追溯到幾十年前。To表示目的,track the ships of potential enemies,跟蹤潛在敵人的船只。由此可見水下監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)初設計是用來跟蹤潛在敵人的船只的,答案是A。
      33. C
      題目問深海監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)應用了……
      A,采集水下聲音的尖端技術(shù)。
      B,聲音高速傳播的特性。
      C,海洋的不同水層傳播聲音的特性。
      D,低頻聲波可在不同水層傳播。
      從四個選項來看,這道題考查的是深海監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)原理。根據(jù)篇章分析可知,對原理的說明是在后一段,那么答案需要到后一段去找。值得注意的是后一 句話:This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles,這里提到了main reason,表明聲音的加強(focusing)是聲音得以傳播上千英里的主要原因。而聲音能夠傳播上千英里意味著什么呢?意味著深海監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)測 到上千英里外的聲音,這就是監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)的重要條件,而聲音得以加強的原因又是什么呢?是different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds,這應該是題目所問的“make use of……”的賓語。應該選擇C。A的說法在后一段沒有提到。B的說法在后一段中有所論述,但屬于前提條件,不是main reason。D所說的低頻聲音只是作者舉的一個例子——既然低頻聲音也能傳播很遠,那么中高頻的聲音傳播得就更遠,更容易被監(jiān)聽系統(tǒng)捕捉到了——還是說 明了通道的作用。
      34. D
      題目問從文章中可以推斷出什么。
      A,應該發(fā)展新的無線電技術(shù)來追蹤瀕臨滅絕的藍鯨。
      B,因為新的監(jiān)聽技術(shù)的使用,藍鯨不再是瀕臨滅絕動物。
      C,關(guān)于民間科學家是否應被允許使用軍事技術(shù),尚存在不同觀點。
      D,軍事技術(shù)的民用化潛力很大。
      A和B都與藍鯨有關(guān)。關(guān)于藍鯨的內(nèi)容只在前兩段,我們來看這兩段的內(nèi)容。段開頭首先說明了藍鯨瀕臨滅絕的狀況,指出追蹤藍鯨存在較大的困難,而后解釋了存在困難的原因。第二段講述科學家們終于成功追蹤了一條藍鯨,而其背后的原因是軍事技術(shù)的應用。
      從這里可知,科學家應用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)已經(jīng)能夠追蹤藍鯨,A說的應該發(fā)展新的技術(shù)是無從推理的。新的監(jiān)聽技術(shù)到底對保護藍鯨起到多大的作用?文章所述甚少,原因是本文論述的主題是軍事技術(shù)的民用化,不是藍鯨保護,所以作者把著眼點放在了軍事技術(shù)得以應用于民間研究的角度上。文中只提到一句monitoring its sounds,表明應用軍事技術(shù)所起到的作用僅是監(jiān)測了藍鯨的聲音,這距離拯救藍鯨種群于滅絕應該還差很遠。由此可見,B的推論也是不對的。
      從全文來看,并沒有提及反對軍事技術(shù)民用化的觀點,因此C的說法不正確。
      前三個選項全部排除,D自然是正確答案。從文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)來看,文章先是指出在沒有軍事技術(shù)幫助時,從事民間科學研究的困難,而后舉出幾個軍事技術(shù)民用化的成功例子,顯然是對此持肯定態(tài)度,對其未來持樂觀態(tài)度,D的說法與此相符。
      35. A
      本題問下列關(guān)于美國海軍水下監(jiān)聽網(wǎng)絡的敘述,哪一項是正確的。
      A,目前已經(jīng)部分對民間科學家開放。這一說法可以在文中找到對應點。第三段the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system一句中提到partly uncover,“部分公開”,與A說法一致。
      B,已經(jīng)被更先進的系統(tǒng)所取代。不能在文中找到有關(guān)“更先進的系統(tǒng)”的任何直接描述或間接描述,因此B不對。
      C,冷戰(zhàn)以后就失去了軍事用途。第三段提到了“冷戰(zhàn)以后”,但冷戰(zhàn)以后發(fā)生的事情只是“opening to civilian scientists”,向民間科學家開放技術(shù)。開放技術(shù)不代表該技術(shù)失去了軍事用途,從后文又知這種開放只是部分開放(partly uncover),可見該技術(shù)沒有失去軍事用途。即便無法直接做出此推斷,但至少不能像C所說那樣推出已經(jīng)失去軍事用途。
      D,在保護瀕危物種上是不可缺少的。在藍鯨保護問題上,該技術(shù)目前所顯現(xiàn)的作用只是“monitoring its sounds”,即監(jiān)聽其聲音,文中沒有關(guān)于其作用不可或缺的描述。

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