歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1頁:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2頁:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3頁:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4頁:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5頁:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6頁:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9頁:2003.1-Passage One
2003.1
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
Heroes are catalysts (催化劑) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔離的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.
11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.
A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristics
B) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people
C) are often influenced by previous generations
D) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans(A)
12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ________.
A) they have a vision from the mountaintop
B) they have warm feelings and emotions
C) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles
D) they can make people feel stronger and more confident(C)
13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.
A) they are popular only among certain groups of people
B) their performances do not improve their fans morally
C) their primary concern is their own financial interests
D) they are not clear about the principles they should follow(B)
14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ________.
A) are good at demonstrating their charming characters
B) can move the masses with their forceful speeches
C) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships
D) can provide an answer to the problems of their people(B)
15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.
A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities
B) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices
C) take place ff there were heroes to lead the people
D) produce leaders with attractive personalities(A)
本文講的內(nèi) 容是英雄。段后一句話就提出了文章論述的核心:What is a hero,何謂英雄。而第二段馬上表明作者要從哪個(gè)方面闡述什么是英雄的問題:共有特征(heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics)。這些特征具有指導(dǎo)與激勵(lì)人民的功用(instruct and inspire people)。后面的幾段是對英雄特征的詳細(xì)敘述。
第三段簡單地列舉了幾項(xiàng)英雄特征,比如歷險(xiǎn)故事(a story of adventure)、崇拜者等等。這應(yīng)該只是一般人印象中的英雄,作者在段末指出英雄特征絕不僅僅是名聲在外而已(a hero goes beyond mere fame),后面三段即是作者自己對英雄的真正理解。
首先,英雄服務(wù)于高于其自身的權(quán)力或準(zhǔn)則,如同高壓變壓器一樣,把這些權(quán)力和準(zhǔn)則的所帶來的利益?zhèn)鬟f給普通民眾(Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people)。
其次,英雄的生活值得人們?nèi)シ滦?。仿效英雄的人們可以體驗(yàn)到更有深度、更有激情、更有意義的生活(Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning)。而模仿的關(guān)鍵就是服務(wù)于誰、為何而生為何而死(A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for?)。作者指出,如果只是為了自己的名聲,則其充其量只能算為名人而非英雄。麥當(dāng)娜和杰克遜都是名人,但他們的模仿者卻沒有因模仿而獲得充實(shí)的生活 (who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?)。
第三,英雄是變革的催化劑。之所以這么說,還是因?yàn)橛⑿鄣膸c(diǎn)特征:目光深遠(yuǎn)(have a vision from the mountaintop),具備發(fā)動大眾的技巧和魅力(have the skill and the charm to move the masses)。因?yàn)檫@幾點(diǎn),英雄可以給歷史帶來新的可能性。作者舉出了幾個(gè)歷史上的英雄事例來說明這一觀點(diǎn),如印度的甘地、美國黑人運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖小馬丁·路德·金等。作者后指出,即使歷史上沒有出現(xiàn)這些人物,歷史變革也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn),但其過程就要緩慢、曲折得多,從反面證明英雄促進(jìn)歷史變革的鮮明特征。
11. A
題目問盡管英雄可能來自于不同的文化,但他們……
A,通常都具有某種能夠鼓舞大眾的特質(zhì)。
B,很可能具有某些普通人的缺點(diǎn)。
C,經(jīng)常受到前人的影響。
D,全都會不知不覺吸引一大批崇拜者。
題通常考查段,但本文前幾段均較短,所以考查對象可能變?yōu)?-3個(gè)段。段基本沒有什么內(nèi)容,它的作用僅限于后一句話:What isa hero?為本文提出了論題。
其實(shí)要定位答案在文中所處的具體位置,可以通過題干來判斷。題目的前半句已經(jīng)給出了確定的信息:英雄可能來自于不同的文化。只要在文中找到與此相關(guān)的句子,答案應(yīng)該就在附近了。
第二段開頭即有Despite immense differences in cultures(盡管文化上存在諸多不同),此后的半句話一定與答案有關(guān)。Heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people,此句的主語是heroes,謂語是share characteristics(享有共同特點(diǎn)),后面是對這些共同特點(diǎn)的具體描述:能夠指導(dǎo)與激勵(lì)人們的特點(diǎn)??吹竭@里就可以做出解答了,觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A的說法符合文意。
12. C
題目問文章把英雄和高壓變壓器作以對比,是因?yàn)椤?
A,他們目光遠(yuǎn)大,高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚。
B,他們懷有豐富的感情。
C,他們是高尚原則的具體化的例子。
D,他們能使人們感覺自己更強(qiáng)、更有自信。
題目指示得很清楚,答案與高壓變壓器有關(guān),需要直接去文中尋找該詞所在的上下文。第四段Like high-voltage transformers, heroes……答案無疑在第四段。
句講到英雄服務(wù)于比自己更高的權(quán)力或原則,第二句便以服務(wù)于更高的權(quán)力為例解釋英雄的作用?,F(xiàn)在來簡單分析第二句:heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people,可以看到句子中間有so that短語,那么可以把本句分為兩個(gè)部分,后一句是對前一句目的的說明。英雄接過更高的權(quán)力所賦予的能量,并把它們向下分放,這恰似變壓器把高壓轉(zhuǎn)為低壓;這么做的目的是讓普通民眾也能分享、體驗(yàn)權(quán)力的能量。
這道題選擇C。C的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和第四段句話非常類似。原文Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves,意思是英雄服務(wù)的對象包括權(quán)力和原則,選項(xiàng)C選其中一個(gè)“原則”,而larger than themselves修飾“原則”;比自己更大的原則可以理解為noble principles。在第二句中,作者是以權(quán)力為例進(jìn)行說明的,沒有提到principles,這為本題的解答增加了難度。
13. B
這道題問麥當(dāng)娜和邁克爾·杰克遜并不被看做是英雄,因?yàn)椤?
A,他們只在特定的人群中流行。
B,他們的表演并不能提升歌迷們的道德水平。
C,他們首先關(guān)心的是自己的商業(yè)利益。
D,他們并不清楚自己應(yīng)該遵循的原則。
題目問到了麥當(dāng)娜和杰克遜,解答本題時(shí)必須立即找到提及這二者的句子。
相關(guān)的句子是倒數(shù)第二段的后一句:Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
這是一個(gè)反問句,前半句意思是“麥當(dāng)娜和杰克遜非常有名”,而后是一個(gè)問句:“但誰能說他們的歌迷的生活就會(比別人)更為豐富?”,反問句是無須回答的,因?yàn)榉磫柋旧砭鸵呀?jīng)暗含答案:不能。
但只從這句話還看不出麥當(dāng)娜等不被看做英雄的具體原因,做出解答還需要參考上文。本段開頭講到英雄的行為值得人們?nèi)バХ拢╳orthy of imitation),效仿的結(jié)果就是普通人也能體驗(yàn)到英雄生活的深度、意義等(new depth),而檢驗(yàn)是否為真英雄的方法是看他們?yōu)檎l、為了什么服務(wù),以及生死的目的(What are they willing to live and die for)。后一句,也就是題目涉及的一句,恰好是作者舉出的一個(gè)反例,說明麥當(dāng)娜這樣的人不是真正的英雄。
前文所說的為了什么服務(wù)、為了什么生死的問題,屬于什么問題呢?應(yīng)該屬于道德修養(yǎng)問題,因此B的說法為符合題意。
A的說法明顯錯(cuò)誤,可以首先排除。C的說法在文中沒有落腳點(diǎn),文中說他們?yōu)榱俗约旱膄ame(名聲)服務(wù),但名聲并不直接代表商業(yè)利益。即便勉強(qiáng)可以把它們聯(lián)系起來,這一說法也只是陳述表面現(xiàn)象,其本質(zhì)應(yīng)該如B所說是不能提升道德水平,因此應(yīng)該選擇更加貼切的B。D的說法本身就是錯(cuò)誤的,麥當(dāng)娜等是清楚自己的原則的,即為自己的fame服務(wù)。
14. A
題目問甘地和馬丁·路德·金是杰出領(lǐng)袖的典型代表,他們……
A,擅于展現(xiàn)他們的人格魅力。
B,能以雄辯的演講征服大眾。
C,能夠面對所有挑戰(zhàn)和困境。
D,能夠?yàn)槿嗣竦膯栴}找到解決方法。
文章講到甘地和金是在后一段。涉及甘地的是這一句:Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire,意思是沒有甘地,印度可能依然還是大英帝國的一部分。涉及金的是這一句:Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated buses, restaurants, and parks,大意是沒有金,種族隔離飯館、公園可能依然存在。
這兩句話談的都是二位英雄人物的功績,而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)展現(xiàn)的是他們某個(gè)方面的能力或特點(diǎn),因此從這二句中無法判斷出答案,需要結(jié)合前文作答。本段句稱英雄是帶來變化的催化劑,這依然是結(jié)果、功績。此后二句講到了英雄們的能力,即視野廣闊(vision from the mountaintop)和具備征服大眾的技巧和魅力。
選項(xiàng)中C和D在文中都沒有提及,可以首先排除。A和B的說法似乎和文中所述的英雄第二點(diǎn)能力存在聯(lián)系,那么應(yīng)該選擇哪一個(gè)呢?按照流行的參考答案,本題選B,但B的說法值得推敲。
首先,文中沒有直接提到演講,雖然同樣提到了move the mass,但沒有說明英雄征服大眾的方式就是演講,提到的是skill和charm。當(dāng)然我們都記得馬丁·路德·金那次震撼人心的著名演講,但出題者很可能就是在利用我們的記憶,誘使我們選擇錯(cuò)誤的答案。
其次,在介紹甘地等人的事跡之后,作者用了這樣一個(gè)句子:It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities……這里的magnetic personalities 應(yīng)該是對后一段前半部分所述英雄特點(diǎn)的一個(gè)總結(jié),即人格魅力。這樣的話,本題選擇A更為合適。
15.A
這道題問本文作者總結(jié)道,歷史性變革將會……
A,如果缺少具備鼓舞大眾的人格魅力的領(lǐng)袖,歷史性變革的出現(xiàn)將會出現(xiàn)延緩。
B,如果沒有付出必要犧牲的英雄,歷史性變革就不會發(fā)生。
C,如果出現(xiàn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民的英雄,歷史性變革就會發(fā)生。
D,歷史性變革會促使具備魅力人格的英雄誕生。
這道題考查對文章后一句話的理解:It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless,這是一個(gè)長句,首先觀察句子結(jié)構(gòu),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中間出現(xiàn)了but,but是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞,表示它之前和之后的句子處于并列的地位,前后兩句都是獨(dú)立完整的句子,也就是說都含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu),這樣就需要在這兩個(gè)句子中分別去尋找主謂語。前一句是一個(gè)it be結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“沒有具備人格魅力的領(lǐng)袖出現(xiàn),大規(guī)模的變革可能也會發(fā)生”。單詞but后面是三個(gè)排比句,謂語都是would be,只是后兩個(gè)單句把would be省略了。后半句的意思是“但變革的步伐會是緩慢的,前景是混沌的,委員會議永無休止(也就是沒有杰出領(lǐng)袖的出現(xiàn),群龍無首,人們無法做出果敢的決斷)”。
這but引導(dǎo)的后半句描述了三種情況,都是如果歷史沒有出現(xiàn)英雄后的情景,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A的說法符合三種情況中的種,因此正確答案是A。
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
Heroes are catalysts (催化劑) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔離的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.
11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.
A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristics
B) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people
C) are often influenced by previous generations
D) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans(A)
12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ________.
A) they have a vision from the mountaintop
B) they have warm feelings and emotions
C) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles
D) they can make people feel stronger and more confident(C)
13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.
A) they are popular only among certain groups of people
B) their performances do not improve their fans morally
C) their primary concern is their own financial interests
D) they are not clear about the principles they should follow(B)
14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ________.
A) are good at demonstrating their charming characters
B) can move the masses with their forceful speeches
C) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships
D) can provide an answer to the problems of their people(B)
15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.
A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities
B) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices
C) take place ff there were heroes to lead the people
D) produce leaders with attractive personalities(A)
本文講的內(nèi) 容是英雄。段后一句話就提出了文章論述的核心:What is a hero,何謂英雄。而第二段馬上表明作者要從哪個(gè)方面闡述什么是英雄的問題:共有特征(heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics)。這些特征具有指導(dǎo)與激勵(lì)人民的功用(instruct and inspire people)。后面的幾段是對英雄特征的詳細(xì)敘述。
第三段簡單地列舉了幾項(xiàng)英雄特征,比如歷險(xiǎn)故事(a story of adventure)、崇拜者等等。這應(yīng)該只是一般人印象中的英雄,作者在段末指出英雄特征絕不僅僅是名聲在外而已(a hero goes beyond mere fame),后面三段即是作者自己對英雄的真正理解。
首先,英雄服務(wù)于高于其自身的權(quán)力或準(zhǔn)則,如同高壓變壓器一樣,把這些權(quán)力和準(zhǔn)則的所帶來的利益?zhèn)鬟f給普通民眾(Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people)。
其次,英雄的生活值得人們?nèi)シ滦?。仿效英雄的人們可以體驗(yàn)到更有深度、更有激情、更有意義的生活(Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning)。而模仿的關(guān)鍵就是服務(wù)于誰、為何而生為何而死(A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for?)。作者指出,如果只是為了自己的名聲,則其充其量只能算為名人而非英雄。麥當(dāng)娜和杰克遜都是名人,但他們的模仿者卻沒有因模仿而獲得充實(shí)的生活 (who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?)。
第三,英雄是變革的催化劑。之所以這么說,還是因?yàn)橛⑿鄣膸c(diǎn)特征:目光深遠(yuǎn)(have a vision from the mountaintop),具備發(fā)動大眾的技巧和魅力(have the skill and the charm to move the masses)。因?yàn)檫@幾點(diǎn),英雄可以給歷史帶來新的可能性。作者舉出了幾個(gè)歷史上的英雄事例來說明這一觀點(diǎn),如印度的甘地、美國黑人運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖小馬丁·路德·金等。作者后指出,即使歷史上沒有出現(xiàn)這些人物,歷史變革也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn),但其過程就要緩慢、曲折得多,從反面證明英雄促進(jìn)歷史變革的鮮明特征。
11. A
題目問盡管英雄可能來自于不同的文化,但他們……
A,通常都具有某種能夠鼓舞大眾的特質(zhì)。
B,很可能具有某些普通人的缺點(diǎn)。
C,經(jīng)常受到前人的影響。
D,全都會不知不覺吸引一大批崇拜者。
題通常考查段,但本文前幾段均較短,所以考查對象可能變?yōu)?-3個(gè)段。段基本沒有什么內(nèi)容,它的作用僅限于后一句話:What isa hero?為本文提出了論題。
其實(shí)要定位答案在文中所處的具體位置,可以通過題干來判斷。題目的前半句已經(jīng)給出了確定的信息:英雄可能來自于不同的文化。只要在文中找到與此相關(guān)的句子,答案應(yīng)該就在附近了。
第二段開頭即有Despite immense differences in cultures(盡管文化上存在諸多不同),此后的半句話一定與答案有關(guān)。Heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people,此句的主語是heroes,謂語是share characteristics(享有共同特點(diǎn)),后面是對這些共同特點(diǎn)的具體描述:能夠指導(dǎo)與激勵(lì)人們的特點(diǎn)??吹竭@里就可以做出解答了,觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A的說法符合文意。
12. C
題目問文章把英雄和高壓變壓器作以對比,是因?yàn)椤?
A,他們目光遠(yuǎn)大,高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚。
B,他們懷有豐富的感情。
C,他們是高尚原則的具體化的例子。
D,他們能使人們感覺自己更強(qiáng)、更有自信。
題目指示得很清楚,答案與高壓變壓器有關(guān),需要直接去文中尋找該詞所在的上下文。第四段Like high-voltage transformers, heroes……答案無疑在第四段。
句講到英雄服務(wù)于比自己更高的權(quán)力或原則,第二句便以服務(wù)于更高的權(quán)力為例解釋英雄的作用?,F(xiàn)在來簡單分析第二句:heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people,可以看到句子中間有so that短語,那么可以把本句分為兩個(gè)部分,后一句是對前一句目的的說明。英雄接過更高的權(quán)力所賦予的能量,并把它們向下分放,這恰似變壓器把高壓轉(zhuǎn)為低壓;這么做的目的是讓普通民眾也能分享、體驗(yàn)權(quán)力的能量。
這道題選擇C。C的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和第四段句話非常類似。原文Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves,意思是英雄服務(wù)的對象包括權(quán)力和原則,選項(xiàng)C選其中一個(gè)“原則”,而larger than themselves修飾“原則”;比自己更大的原則可以理解為noble principles。在第二句中,作者是以權(quán)力為例進(jìn)行說明的,沒有提到principles,這為本題的解答增加了難度。
13. B
這道題問麥當(dāng)娜和邁克爾·杰克遜并不被看做是英雄,因?yàn)椤?
A,他們只在特定的人群中流行。
B,他們的表演并不能提升歌迷們的道德水平。
C,他們首先關(guān)心的是自己的商業(yè)利益。
D,他們并不清楚自己應(yīng)該遵循的原則。
題目問到了麥當(dāng)娜和杰克遜,解答本題時(shí)必須立即找到提及這二者的句子。
相關(guān)的句子是倒數(shù)第二段的后一句:Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
這是一個(gè)反問句,前半句意思是“麥當(dāng)娜和杰克遜非常有名”,而后是一個(gè)問句:“但誰能說他們的歌迷的生活就會(比別人)更為豐富?”,反問句是無須回答的,因?yàn)榉磫柋旧砭鸵呀?jīng)暗含答案:不能。
但只從這句話還看不出麥當(dāng)娜等不被看做英雄的具體原因,做出解答還需要參考上文。本段開頭講到英雄的行為值得人們?nèi)バХ拢╳orthy of imitation),效仿的結(jié)果就是普通人也能體驗(yàn)到英雄生活的深度、意義等(new depth),而檢驗(yàn)是否為真英雄的方法是看他們?yōu)檎l、為了什么服務(wù),以及生死的目的(What are they willing to live and die for)。后一句,也就是題目涉及的一句,恰好是作者舉出的一個(gè)反例,說明麥當(dāng)娜這樣的人不是真正的英雄。
前文所說的為了什么服務(wù)、為了什么生死的問題,屬于什么問題呢?應(yīng)該屬于道德修養(yǎng)問題,因此B的說法為符合題意。
A的說法明顯錯(cuò)誤,可以首先排除。C的說法在文中沒有落腳點(diǎn),文中說他們?yōu)榱俗约旱膄ame(名聲)服務(wù),但名聲并不直接代表商業(yè)利益。即便勉強(qiáng)可以把它們聯(lián)系起來,這一說法也只是陳述表面現(xiàn)象,其本質(zhì)應(yīng)該如B所說是不能提升道德水平,因此應(yīng)該選擇更加貼切的B。D的說法本身就是錯(cuò)誤的,麥當(dāng)娜等是清楚自己的原則的,即為自己的fame服務(wù)。
14. A
題目問甘地和馬丁·路德·金是杰出領(lǐng)袖的典型代表,他們……
A,擅于展現(xiàn)他們的人格魅力。
B,能以雄辯的演講征服大眾。
C,能夠面對所有挑戰(zhàn)和困境。
D,能夠?yàn)槿嗣竦膯栴}找到解決方法。
文章講到甘地和金是在后一段。涉及甘地的是這一句:Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire,意思是沒有甘地,印度可能依然還是大英帝國的一部分。涉及金的是這一句:Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated buses, restaurants, and parks,大意是沒有金,種族隔離飯館、公園可能依然存在。
這兩句話談的都是二位英雄人物的功績,而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)展現(xiàn)的是他們某個(gè)方面的能力或特點(diǎn),因此從這二句中無法判斷出答案,需要結(jié)合前文作答。本段句稱英雄是帶來變化的催化劑,這依然是結(jié)果、功績。此后二句講到了英雄們的能力,即視野廣闊(vision from the mountaintop)和具備征服大眾的技巧和魅力。
選項(xiàng)中C和D在文中都沒有提及,可以首先排除。A和B的說法似乎和文中所述的英雄第二點(diǎn)能力存在聯(lián)系,那么應(yīng)該選擇哪一個(gè)呢?按照流行的參考答案,本題選B,但B的說法值得推敲。
首先,文中沒有直接提到演講,雖然同樣提到了move the mass,但沒有說明英雄征服大眾的方式就是演講,提到的是skill和charm。當(dāng)然我們都記得馬丁·路德·金那次震撼人心的著名演講,但出題者很可能就是在利用我們的記憶,誘使我們選擇錯(cuò)誤的答案。
其次,在介紹甘地等人的事跡之后,作者用了這樣一個(gè)句子:It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities……這里的magnetic personalities 應(yīng)該是對后一段前半部分所述英雄特點(diǎn)的一個(gè)總結(jié),即人格魅力。這樣的話,本題選擇A更為合適。
15.A
這道題問本文作者總結(jié)道,歷史性變革將會……
A,如果缺少具備鼓舞大眾的人格魅力的領(lǐng)袖,歷史性變革的出現(xiàn)將會出現(xiàn)延緩。
B,如果沒有付出必要犧牲的英雄,歷史性變革就不會發(fā)生。
C,如果出現(xiàn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民的英雄,歷史性變革就會發(fā)生。
D,歷史性變革會促使具備魅力人格的英雄誕生。
這道題考查對文章后一句話的理解:It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless,這是一個(gè)長句,首先觀察句子結(jié)構(gòu),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中間出現(xiàn)了but,but是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞,表示它之前和之后的句子處于并列的地位,前后兩句都是獨(dú)立完整的句子,也就是說都含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu),這樣就需要在這兩個(gè)句子中分別去尋找主謂語。前一句是一個(gè)it be結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“沒有具備人格魅力的領(lǐng)袖出現(xiàn),大規(guī)模的變革可能也會發(fā)生”。單詞but后面是三個(gè)排比句,謂語都是would be,只是后兩個(gè)單句把would be省略了。后半句的意思是“但變革的步伐會是緩慢的,前景是混沌的,委員會議永無休止(也就是沒有杰出領(lǐng)袖的出現(xiàn),群龍無首,人們無法做出果敢的決斷)”。
這but引導(dǎo)的后半句描述了三種情況,都是如果歷史沒有出現(xiàn)英雄后的情景,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A的說法符合三種情況中的種,因此正確答案是A。
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