歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1頁:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2頁:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3頁:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4頁:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5頁:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6頁:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9頁:2003.1-Passage One
2004.6
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious (勤勤懇懇的) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.”
“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心計的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’” says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
11. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________.
A) the code of behavior for company staff
B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
D) the various qualities required for a successful career(C)
12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.
A) give his boss a good impression
B) honest and loyal to his company
C) get along well with his colleagues
D) avoid being too outstanding(D)
13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?
A) They believe that doing so is impractical.
B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.(B)
14. The author considers office politics to be ________.
A) unwelcome at the workplace
B) bad for interpersonal relationships
C) indispensable to the development of company culture
D) an important factor for personal advancement(D)
15. It is the author’s view that ________.
A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
C) hard work contributes very little to one’s promotion
D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery(B)
這篇材料的主要內(nèi)容是辦公室政治(office politics),從介紹辦公室政治的含義、好處開始,講到現(xiàn)實生活中人們不愿進行辦公室政治的現(xiàn)象及其原因,后給出了改變這種情況的建議。
前面的幾段主要是介紹辦公室政治的含義及其所能帶來的好處。前三個句子以A、B、C打頭列出了辦公室生存的基本原則,而后把辦公室政治作為它們的補充自然地提了出來(為了與ABC相搭配,簡稱為P)。作者引用Carnegie的話對辦公室政治做了初步的定義,也就是be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes,無論公開非公開場合,都要能夠推銷你自己和你自己的想法。后面緊接著的一句話一箭雙雕,既說出了辦公室政治的好處(a better job, a raise, praise),也指出人們不愿搞辦公室政治的事實,為下文分析原因、提出建議鋪好了道路。
后面的幾段主要是來分析辦公室政治在一些人那里不受歡迎的原因。首先人們把它看做是工于心計的行為(manipulative behavior),而后作者對這一原因做了評析,指出辦公室政治實際上并不如此(反而源于polite,禮貌)。下一段介紹專家的觀點,進一步解釋辦公室政治的含義和應用的正當性,而后引用Neil P Lewis的話對此做了強調(diào)(It’s simple human nature,辦公室政治是人類的天性而已)。
后一段簡單地給出了建議:承認自我的推銷的需要(recognizing the need for some self-promotion)。
11. C
題目問辦公室政治一詞在文中用來指……
A,公司職員的行為準則。
B,辦公室員工的政治觀點和信仰。
C,公司內(nèi)部的人際關(guān)系。
D,成功職業(yè)生涯所需要的各種素質(zhì)。
文中對辦公室政治有明確的定義:You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes。把四個選項和這個定義進行對比就可得出答案。
先看A。Code是指法規(guī)、準則。A把辦公室政治理解為員工的行為準則,文章沒有提到類似內(nèi)容。
B把辦公室政治解釋為員工的政治觀點和信仰,是對Office politics望文生義,沒有得到文章內(nèi)容的支持。
C的說法有一定道理。從定義來看,把自己和自己的想法推銷出去的意思應該是讓大家都喜歡自己,都接受自己的觀點,這應該屬于人際關(guān)系的范疇。
D的說法有一定迷惑性,因為文章前幾段論述的基本都是職業(yè)生涯成功所具備的一些素質(zhì)。不過,應該看到辦公室政治僅是諸多素質(zhì)中的一種,它和A、B、C合起來才能算是“各種素質(zhì)”。
本題選C。
12. A
題目問為了升職,一個人不僅需要一定的工作能力,而且……
A,還要給老板留下一個好印象。
B,對公司誠實、忠誠。
C,和同事搞好關(guān)系。
D,避免太出風頭。
題目里的關(guān)鍵詞是promoted,也就是升職。在文章中快速定位這個詞。文章提到升職是這一句:But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best,大意是如果兩到三個候選人一起競爭同一個升職機會,在能力相當?shù)那闆r下,經(jīng)理會提升他們喜歡的那一個。這里提到了“能力相當”,照應題目里的not only competent。在能力相當?shù)那闆r下,升職的關(guān)鍵在于受到經(jīng)理喜歡,這應該就是A所說的還要給老板留下一個好印象。所以本題可以直接選擇A,其他幾個選項看似都有道理,但在文章明確指出“老板好感”這一項時,應該毫不猶豫地選擇A。
13. B
題目問為什么許多人不愿“玩這一游戲”?
A,他們認為如此做法毫無用處。
B,他們認為這樣的行為不道德、不誠信。
C,他們不善于利用同事。
D,他們認為這種努力不會帶來任何結(jié)果。
The game指的是前面提到的“sell yourself and your ideas”,也就是辦公室政治。文章的第六段解釋了人們?yōu)楹尾辉竿媾k公室手段,實際上只有一句話:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心計的) behavior。此后的內(nèi)容變成了對辦公室政治的積極肯定,所以可以判斷本題考查內(nèi)容僅僅是這一句話,具體來說,僅僅是manipulative這一個單詞,偏偏這個單詞的含義已經(jīng)給出,這大大方便了我們做出正確的判斷。“工于心計”是一個貶義詞,人們因為行為屬于“工于心計”而不去為之,應該是出于道德上的原因。本題可以很容易選出正確答案B。
14. D
題目問作者認為辦公室政治……
A,在工作場所不受歡迎。
B,對人際關(guān)系是有害的。
C,對公司文化的發(fā)展來說是不可或缺的。
D,是個人發(fā)展的重要因素。
從 題目來看,似乎是一個非常寬泛的問題;因為全篇講的都是辦公室政治,所以讓人不知從何下手。不過遵循了四級閱讀出題規(guī)律,可以判斷本題考查內(nèi)容很可能為上 一題考查內(nèi)容后面的部分。上一題考查了第五段的句話,那么本題的答案需要從這一句話之后的內(nèi)容中尋找。后一段應該留給后一題,不需要查看。
與A相關(guān)的句子是many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.”,many只代表了一部分人,并不能以此判斷辦公室政治已經(jīng)普遍不受歡迎。而且這句話已經(jīng)是考查過的內(nèi)容,再次成為正確答案的可能性不大。
第五段主要內(nèi)容是辦公室的性質(zhì)為being kind and helpful,對人友好,樂于助人,這應該和B的說法正好相反。第六段提到辦公室政治involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment,大意是在辦公室環(huán)境內(nèi)與人搞好關(guān)系,也和B的說法相反。由此判斷B不對。
至于C,文章沒有直接提到公司文化,雖然可以認為人際關(guān)系算是公司文化,但它畢竟只能說公司文化的一小部分,不能說辦公室政治對公司文化就是不可或缺的。
倒數(shù)第三段舉出了一個和上級搞好關(guān)系就可能獲得升職機會的例子,這說明辦公室政治的確是個人發(fā)展的重要因素。D的說法是正確的。
15. B
本題問作者的觀點是……
A,為自己說話是人類的天性。
B,自我推廣不見得就是討好奉承。
C,努力工作對升職的作用微乎其微。
D,許多雇員沒有認識到奉承討好的需要。
本題考查對后兩段的理解。這兩段的核心是這一句: Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)是others associate politics with flattery(其他人把辦公室政治與奉承聯(lián)系起來),而fearful引領(lǐng)了一個伴隨狀語,完整形式是they are fearful that……that引導的賓語從句意思是如果他們?yōu)樽约赫f話,就可能給人奉承老板的印象。這是一部分人的觀點,作者認為這一觀點是不可取的,所以在后一段提出了解決辦法:recognizing the need for some self-promotion(承認自我推廣的需要)。這一句承認了為自己說話的正面作用的同時,也駁斥了為自己說話就是“奉承”這一觀點。這樣就可以排除D。
關(guān)于A,human nature在“the first thing……”一段中有所提及,但這里的人類本性指的是老板傾向于提升自己喜歡的人這一本性,所以A不對。
C的說法明顯和文章的主旨相違,可以很容易排除。
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious (勤勤懇懇的) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.”
“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心計的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’” says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
11. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________.
A) the code of behavior for company staff
B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
D) the various qualities required for a successful career(C)
12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.
A) give his boss a good impression
B) honest and loyal to his company
C) get along well with his colleagues
D) avoid being too outstanding(D)
13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?
A) They believe that doing so is impractical.
B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.(B)
14. The author considers office politics to be ________.
A) unwelcome at the workplace
B) bad for interpersonal relationships
C) indispensable to the development of company culture
D) an important factor for personal advancement(D)
15. It is the author’s view that ________.
A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
C) hard work contributes very little to one’s promotion
D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery(B)
這篇材料的主要內(nèi)容是辦公室政治(office politics),從介紹辦公室政治的含義、好處開始,講到現(xiàn)實生活中人們不愿進行辦公室政治的現(xiàn)象及其原因,后給出了改變這種情況的建議。
前面的幾段主要是介紹辦公室政治的含義及其所能帶來的好處。前三個句子以A、B、C打頭列出了辦公室生存的基本原則,而后把辦公室政治作為它們的補充自然地提了出來(為了與ABC相搭配,簡稱為P)。作者引用Carnegie的話對辦公室政治做了初步的定義,也就是be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes,無論公開非公開場合,都要能夠推銷你自己和你自己的想法。后面緊接著的一句話一箭雙雕,既說出了辦公室政治的好處(a better job, a raise, praise),也指出人們不愿搞辦公室政治的事實,為下文分析原因、提出建議鋪好了道路。
后面的幾段主要是來分析辦公室政治在一些人那里不受歡迎的原因。首先人們把它看做是工于心計的行為(manipulative behavior),而后作者對這一原因做了評析,指出辦公室政治實際上并不如此(反而源于polite,禮貌)。下一段介紹專家的觀點,進一步解釋辦公室政治的含義和應用的正當性,而后引用Neil P Lewis的話對此做了強調(diào)(It’s simple human nature,辦公室政治是人類的天性而已)。
后一段簡單地給出了建議:承認自我的推銷的需要(recognizing the need for some self-promotion)。
11. C
題目問辦公室政治一詞在文中用來指……
A,公司職員的行為準則。
B,辦公室員工的政治觀點和信仰。
C,公司內(nèi)部的人際關(guān)系。
D,成功職業(yè)生涯所需要的各種素質(zhì)。
文中對辦公室政治有明確的定義:You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes。把四個選項和這個定義進行對比就可得出答案。
先看A。Code是指法規(guī)、準則。A把辦公室政治理解為員工的行為準則,文章沒有提到類似內(nèi)容。
B把辦公室政治解釋為員工的政治觀點和信仰,是對Office politics望文生義,沒有得到文章內(nèi)容的支持。
C的說法有一定道理。從定義來看,把自己和自己的想法推銷出去的意思應該是讓大家都喜歡自己,都接受自己的觀點,這應該屬于人際關(guān)系的范疇。
D的說法有一定迷惑性,因為文章前幾段論述的基本都是職業(yè)生涯成功所具備的一些素質(zhì)。不過,應該看到辦公室政治僅是諸多素質(zhì)中的一種,它和A、B、C合起來才能算是“各種素質(zhì)”。
本題選C。
12. A
題目問為了升職,一個人不僅需要一定的工作能力,而且……
A,還要給老板留下一個好印象。
B,對公司誠實、忠誠。
C,和同事搞好關(guān)系。
D,避免太出風頭。
題目里的關(guān)鍵詞是promoted,也就是升職。在文章中快速定位這個詞。文章提到升職是這一句:But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best,大意是如果兩到三個候選人一起競爭同一個升職機會,在能力相當?shù)那闆r下,經(jīng)理會提升他們喜歡的那一個。這里提到了“能力相當”,照應題目里的not only competent。在能力相當?shù)那闆r下,升職的關(guān)鍵在于受到經(jīng)理喜歡,這應該就是A所說的還要給老板留下一個好印象。所以本題可以直接選擇A,其他幾個選項看似都有道理,但在文章明確指出“老板好感”這一項時,應該毫不猶豫地選擇A。
13. B
題目問為什么許多人不愿“玩這一游戲”?
A,他們認為如此做法毫無用處。
B,他們認為這樣的行為不道德、不誠信。
C,他們不善于利用同事。
D,他們認為這種努力不會帶來任何結(jié)果。
The game指的是前面提到的“sell yourself and your ideas”,也就是辦公室政治。文章的第六段解釋了人們?yōu)楹尾辉竿媾k公室手段,實際上只有一句話:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心計的) behavior。此后的內(nèi)容變成了對辦公室政治的積極肯定,所以可以判斷本題考查內(nèi)容僅僅是這一句話,具體來說,僅僅是manipulative這一個單詞,偏偏這個單詞的含義已經(jīng)給出,這大大方便了我們做出正確的判斷。“工于心計”是一個貶義詞,人們因為行為屬于“工于心計”而不去為之,應該是出于道德上的原因。本題可以很容易選出正確答案B。
14. D
題目問作者認為辦公室政治……
A,在工作場所不受歡迎。
B,對人際關(guān)系是有害的。
C,對公司文化的發(fā)展來說是不可或缺的。
D,是個人發(fā)展的重要因素。
從 題目來看,似乎是一個非常寬泛的問題;因為全篇講的都是辦公室政治,所以讓人不知從何下手。不過遵循了四級閱讀出題規(guī)律,可以判斷本題考查內(nèi)容很可能為上 一題考查內(nèi)容后面的部分。上一題考查了第五段的句話,那么本題的答案需要從這一句話之后的內(nèi)容中尋找。后一段應該留給后一題,不需要查看。
與A相關(guān)的句子是many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.”,many只代表了一部分人,并不能以此判斷辦公室政治已經(jīng)普遍不受歡迎。而且這句話已經(jīng)是考查過的內(nèi)容,再次成為正確答案的可能性不大。
第五段主要內(nèi)容是辦公室的性質(zhì)為being kind and helpful,對人友好,樂于助人,這應該和B的說法正好相反。第六段提到辦公室政治involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment,大意是在辦公室環(huán)境內(nèi)與人搞好關(guān)系,也和B的說法相反。由此判斷B不對。
至于C,文章沒有直接提到公司文化,雖然可以認為人際關(guān)系算是公司文化,但它畢竟只能說公司文化的一小部分,不能說辦公室政治對公司文化就是不可或缺的。
倒數(shù)第三段舉出了一個和上級搞好關(guān)系就可能獲得升職機會的例子,這說明辦公室政治的確是個人發(fā)展的重要因素。D的說法是正確的。
15. B
本題問作者的觀點是……
A,為自己說話是人類的天性。
B,自我推廣不見得就是討好奉承。
C,努力工作對升職的作用微乎其微。
D,許多雇員沒有認識到奉承討好的需要。
本題考查對后兩段的理解。這兩段的核心是這一句: Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)是others associate politics with flattery(其他人把辦公室政治與奉承聯(lián)系起來),而fearful引領(lǐng)了一個伴隨狀語,完整形式是they are fearful that……that引導的賓語從句意思是如果他們?yōu)樽约赫f話,就可能給人奉承老板的印象。這是一部分人的觀點,作者認為這一觀點是不可取的,所以在后一段提出了解決辦法:recognizing the need for some self-promotion(承認自我推廣的需要)。這一句承認了為自己說話的正面作用的同時,也駁斥了為自己說話就是“奉承”這一觀點。這樣就可以排除D。
關(guān)于A,human nature在“the first thing……”一段中有所提及,但這里的人類本性指的是老板傾向于提升自己喜歡的人這一本性,所以A不對。
C的說法明顯和文章的主旨相違,可以很容易排除。
相關(guān)推薦
課程免費試聽
?γ??????? | ??? | ???/???? | ??????? | ???? |
---|---|---|---|---|
????????????????????????????????? | ????? | ??100 / ??100 | ???? | |
???????????????????????? | ????? | ??100 / ??100 | ???? | |
???????????????????????? | ????? | ??100 / ??100 | ???? | |
??????????????????д???? | ????? | ??100 / ??100 | ???? |
????0??????
????????????????