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    您現(xiàn)在的位置:233網(wǎng)校 >> 英語四級(jí)考試 >> 閱讀 >> 閱讀真題 >> 文章內(nèi)容

    歷年英語四級(jí)閱讀真題全解析(2004-2006)

      Passage Four
      Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
      If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
      If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but ...” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
      Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
      Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.
      These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.
      But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become a ware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.
      36. If a mother adds “but” to an apology, ________.
      A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized
      B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt
      C) the child may find the apology easier to accept
      D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology(D)
      37. According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “________”.
      A) You have good reason to get upset
      B) I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame
      C) I apologize for hurting your feelings
      D) I’m at fault for making you upset(B)
      38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ________.
      A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promises
      B) it may make the other person feel guilty
      C) it is vague and ineffective
      D) it is hurtful and insulting(C)
      39. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry ________.
      A) the complexities involved should be ignored
      B) their ages should be taken into account
      C) parents need to set them a good example
      D) parents should be patient and tolerant(B)
      40. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is ________.
      A) a social issue calling for immediate attention
      B) not necessary among family members
      C) a sign of social progress
      D) not as simple as it seems(D)
      本文的材料主要內(nèi)容是告誡父母們?nèi)绾谓虒?dǎo)孩子向人道歉,具有很強(qiáng)的社會(huì)實(shí)用性,也因?yàn)檫@一功能,文章的遣詞造句較為平易,使用諄諄教誨的口吻,可使人把閱讀的注意力放在告誡的內(nèi)容上。
      全文材料一共6段,按照告誡的內(nèi)容可分為兩大部分。部分是一至五段,講的是父母應(yīng)該如何言傳身教,在需要的時(shí)候真誠地向孩子道歉,從而起到榜樣作用。后一段講述父母們應(yīng)該使孩子們明白在何種情境下需要道歉。
      段指出父母在教導(dǎo)孩子如何道歉時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)首先給孩子做出榜樣(you must be good at saying it yourself),點(diǎn)出本文的主要內(nèi)容,而后以it can be quite tricky作為詳細(xì)講述如何做出榜樣的總起句。后面的二到四段分別列舉了三種不適宜的道歉方式,種是在sorry后面接but解釋道歉的原因,這會(huì)降低道歉的效果(“but” can render the apology ineffective);第二種是I’m sorry you’re upset,暗含對(duì)方主動(dòng)給了別人進(jìn)行煩擾的機(jī)(at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done);第三種是道歉過于空泛(general),這種方式往往不會(huì)對(duì)孩子形成具體的指導(dǎo)(does not commit a person to any specific improvement)。
      第五段分析了父母們采用上述道歉方式的心理原因:shows weakness,即認(rèn)為道歉是示弱的表現(xiàn)。隨后作者提出了解決方案:should see it as a sign of strength,即把道歉視為一種力量的表現(xiàn)。
      后一段討論了另外一個(gè)話題——告訴孩子在什么情境下需要道歉。對(duì)此,作者以三歲、六歲和十二歲小孩為例具體進(jìn)行了解釋。
      36. D
      題目問如果一個(gè)母親在道歉之后又說了“but”,將會(huì)怎樣。在道歉后說but也就是解釋道歉的理由。
      A,說明她覺得不應(yīng)該道歉。
      B,說明她沒有意識(shí)到孩子已經(jīng)受到了傷害。
      C,那么孩子或許會(huì)覺得道歉更容易接受。
      D,那么孩子或許會(huì)覺得他也應(yīng)該向母親道歉。
      本題考查對(duì)第二段的理解。第二段首先指出在道歉之后說 but的直接結(jié)果:what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective,but后面的話可能會(huì)使道歉無法產(chǎn)生效果。而后作者對(duì)出現(xiàn)這一結(jié)果的原因做了解釋,以“我今天過得不好”、“你吵鬧的聲音讓我頭 疼”這二句為例,說明這些話會(huì)讓孩子認(rèn)為“he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology”,意思是他也應(yīng)該為引來父母的道歉而表示道歉。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中含有這個(gè)意思的是D。
      37. B
      本題問根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn),I’m sorry you’re upset可能的意思是什么。
      A,你有很好的煩惱的理由。
      B,我知道你很煩惱,但這不應(yīng)責(zé)怪我。
      C,我為傷害了你的感情道歉。
      D,使你煩惱是我的錯(cuò)。
      這個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)在第三段:Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done。這里一共兩個(gè)句子,句舉出“表面道歉實(shí)際沒有道歉”的另一個(gè)例子,即I’m sorry you’re upset。第二句分析了這句話暗含的意思。前半句you are somehow at fault for基本呈現(xiàn)出了主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),“你是有錯(cuò)的,因?yàn)椤眆or后面是“你也有錯(cuò)”的原因。原因是Allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done,直譯過來是“允許你自己變得煩惱,被其他人的所作所為”,與全句聯(lián)系起來的意思是“因?yàn)閯e人做了某事,你就變得煩惱,對(duì)此你自己是有責(zé)任的”,言下之意是換個(gè)人面對(duì)這種事就不會(huì)煩惱,你煩惱只能是你的錯(cuò)。
      C和D的說法都認(rèn)為錯(cuò)誤在到道歉人的一方,可以首先排除。B的說法與上面的分析一致,而A的意思在本句中是無法體現(xiàn)的。
      38. C
      本題問道歉過于空泛并不是明智之舉,原因是什么。
      A,這會(huì)使人養(yǎng)成空做承諾的習(xí)慣。
      B,這會(huì)使對(duì)方感到內(nèi)疚。
      C,這種道歉意思含混,沒有效果。
      D,這種道歉具有傷害性和侮辱性。
      文章第四段談到了這個(gè)問題。第四段的段意分為兩個(gè)部分,部分是個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句,用兩個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的從句舉出空泛道歉的兩種例子。個(gè)例子是并不說明自己的哪一行為帶有傷害或侮辱對(duì)方的意思(由此可知D的理解是錯(cuò)誤的);第二個(gè)例子是只籠統(tǒng)說自己再也不會(huì)這樣了,也就是不具體指出到底不會(huì)怎么樣了(由此可知A的理解是錯(cuò)誤的)。第四段的第二部分道出空泛的道歉之所以不明智是因?yàn)樗黡oes not commit a person to any specific improvement,即“并不能使人做出具體的改進(jìn)”,也就是說道歉過于空泛,使人不知道該在哪里改進(jìn),也就談不上改進(jìn)。C的說法含有這個(gè)意思。
      39. B
      本題問從后一段可以得知,在教育孩子道歉的問題上如何如何。
      A,相關(guān)復(fù)雜性應(yīng)該被忽略。
      B,應(yīng)該把他們的年齡考慮進(jìn)去。
      C,父母們需要給他們樹立榜樣。
      D,父母們應(yīng)該有耐心,多容忍。
      后一段講的是如何告訴孩子識(shí)別應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)狼傅那榫?。后一段句話?duì)此做了提示:children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry,意思是孩子們需要幫助來明白道歉的復(fù)雜性。但這一句的意義表達(dá)并不十分清晰,通過后來作者所舉的三個(gè)例子,可知這句話的意思是孩子在分辨什么情況下該道歉什么情況下不需道歉的時(shí)候需要幫助。這樣就排除了A,而C的說法是前5段的內(nèi)容,D的說法在第四段里沒有相關(guān)內(nèi)容。第四段以三個(gè)年齡的孩子為例進(jìn)行論述,這就說明應(yīng)當(dāng)把年齡問題加以考慮,B的說法正確。
      40. D
      本題問從這篇材料可以推斷出,適宜的道歉方式是……
      A,一個(gè)急需關(guān)注的社會(huì)問題。本文討論的是父母該如何指導(dǎo)孩子道歉,主要論述道歉技巧問題,沒有把道歉方式上升到社會(huì)問題,“急需關(guān)注”的社會(huì)問題就更談不上了。
      B,在家庭成員之間不是必需的。文中舉出了很多例子來說明父母應(yīng)以正確的方式來向孩子道歉,可見在作者看來家庭成員之間合適的道歉不能說是可有可無的。
      C,社會(huì)進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn)。文章沒有提到適宜的道歉方式與社會(huì)進(jìn)步有什么關(guān)系。
      D,并不像看上去那么簡單。前五段一開始指出父母向孩子道歉時(shí)應(yīng)該講究技巧,所用的詞是tricky,而后用了數(shù)段具體講述應(yīng)當(dāng)如何講究技巧,可見適宜的道歉方式并不簡單。而父母們往往做不好這一點(diǎn),即是因?yàn)樗此坪唵?,所以D的說法是正確的。

      熱門推薦:
      歷年英語四級(jí)閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
      2011年12月英語四級(jí)閱讀試題及答案匯總

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