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    您現(xiàn)在的位置:233網(wǎng)校 >> 英語四級考試 >> 閱讀 >> 閱讀真題 >> 文章內(nèi)容

    歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2004-2006)

      2005.12
      Passage One
      Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
      Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito-Lay. Thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
      Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.
      Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative (創(chuàng)新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
      With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (標(biāo)識). The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.
      The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.
      21. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marking that ________.
      A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market
      B) their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales
      C) the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips
      D) people the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips(D)
      22. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?
      A) Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.
      B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.
      C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.
      D) It needs to turn to the word market for development.(D)
      23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that ________.
      A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands
      B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands
      C) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits
      D) products identified as American will have promising market value(A)
      24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?
      A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.
      B) To promote the company’s strategy of globalization.
      C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image.
      D) To compete with other American chip producers.(B)
      25. Frito-Lay’s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market ________.
      A) won’t affect the eating habits of the local people
      B) will lead to economic imperialism
      C) will be in the interest of the local people
      D) won’t spoil the taste of their chips(C)
      這是一篇介紹某薯片公司海外發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的短文。文章開頭以新穎的方式引出中心論題:先是對Lay公司出品的薯片本身做以描述,而后自然發(fā)出對這種食品能否風(fēng)行全球的疑問(seems an unlikely weapon for global domination),后推出廠商代表對此疑問進(jìn)行反駁(no corner of the world that can resist),實現(xiàn)一種對比反差效果,使人對該公司印象深刻,同時也引起人們對公司代表因何如此信心十足的探究,為下文詳加敘述鋪平了道路。
      段透露出幾點信息,首先是文章內(nèi)容范疇限定在薯片,第二是對薯片制造公司的介紹僅限于Lay公司??梢娺@是一篇商業(yè)推廣性質(zhì)的文章,目的是給Lay做廣告宣傳。第三是該公司的目標(biāo)是征服全球。
      為了回應(yīng)段內(nèi)容所引起的讀者們的疑問,第二段馬上對Lay公司進(jìn)行了介紹:百事子公司,美國零食企業(yè),百事公司一半以上的年利潤由它帶來(accounts for over half of the parent company)。這后一種說法具有震撼效果,因為誰都知道百事是做碳酸飲料的企業(yè),很少人能夠想到其超過一半的利潤竟然是薯片帶來的。之后,文章對段中關(guān)于該企業(yè)把目標(biāo)定在全球市場這一信息做出回應(yīng):原因是國內(nèi)市場飽和(largely saturated),需要開拓海外市場(has to look overseas)。
      第三段詳細(xì)介紹了該公司開拓海外市場的戰(zhàn)略思想。共有兩點,一是全球產(chǎn)品的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量是當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)無法比擬的(offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete),意即該公司的資金量巨大,當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)無法與其競爭。二是21世紀(jì)的消費者們認(rèn)同一種全球化概念,意即公司可以打全球牌,使消費者認(rèn)為Lay薯片是一種全球共享的產(chǎn)品。之后文章對這一概念做了詳細(xì)解釋。先是對global做出定義:一個現(xiàn)代的、創(chuàng)新的、超越文化的世界(a modem, innovative world in which people are linked across cultures),而后以中國為例,證明人們對全球化概念的認(rèn)同程度。
      接下來的一段說到Lay公司的具體行動——采用新的公司標(biāo)示,并稱該標(biāo)示將與“難以抗拒的誘惑”這一公司形象一起,共同促進(jìn)其全球策略開展。
      后一段,為了不使全球化戰(zhàn)略顯得過于霸道、勢利,否認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)帝國主義的存在(deny that amounts to economic imperialism),文章搬出公司高管的名言對占領(lǐng)全球市場這一“野心”進(jìn)行粉飾:在當(dāng)?shù)刂圃?,以?dāng)?shù)厝丝谖稙闇?zhǔn)改造產(chǎn)品,在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒐?,雇用?dāng)?shù)厝?,改變?dāng)?shù)厝说纳睢?
      21. D
      本題問Frito-Lay公司全球市場總監(jiān)相信什么。
      A,馬鈴薯片很難成為統(tǒng)治世界市場的武器。
      B,他們公司必須發(fā)現(xiàn)更多辦法來提升國內(nèi)銷售。
      C,金黃的顏色使得他們公司的薯片更具魅力。
      D,全世界的人們喜歡他們公司的薯片。
      全文中提到全球市場總監(jiān)的地方(head of global marking)只有一處,就是段后半部分。而至于他的觀點如何,文中有兩處可供分析,一是引號內(nèi)的原話,二是后一句“Amin believes……”。前面一句話是Potato chips are a snack food for the world,馬鈴薯片是全世界的零食。后一句是there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip,第二句是世界上沒有哪個角落能夠抗拒Lay公司的馬鈴薯片。
      從這兩句話可以看出,這位總監(jiān)對公司的薯片能否征服全球市場是持肯定態(tài)度的,而四個答案中只有D表達(dá)了這個意思。
      A的說法與總監(jiān)的想法恰好相反,文中也已經(jīng)顯而易見地指出了這一點:But its maker Frito-Lay thinks otherwise。B的內(nèi)容來源于第二段,snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas,但這里只是說零食市場在國內(nèi)已經(jīng)飽和,需要開拓海外市場以圖發(fā)展,暗含的意思就是再努力提高國內(nèi)銷售也是徒然,與B的說法相反。C的說法來源于文中對對該公司馬鈴薯片外形的描述,不過文中沒有提到顏色對其魅力的影響,說總監(jiān)有此想法就更加牽強(qiáng)了。
      22. D
      題目問從第二段我們可以得知Frito-Lay的什么情況。
      既然已經(jīng)指明考查的是第二段,我們就可以把全部注意力放在對第二段的理解上。Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas。第二段只有兩句話,也非常好理解,句是“該公司是美國的零食制造商,歸百事所有,母公司30億美元的年利潤中有一半多是它貢獻(xiàn)的。”這里存在的一難點是account for這個詞組的意義,這個詞組有兩個含義,一個是“構(gòu)成決定性的或主要的因素”,如Bad weather accounted for the long delay,長期的延遲是壞天氣導(dǎo)致的;另一個意思是“做出解釋,提出理由”,那么在句中的意思應(yīng)該是個,即這個公司是百事公司一半多利潤的決定因素。第二句是“美國零食市場已經(jīng)很大程度上飽和了,為了發(fā)展,公司必須瞄準(zhǔn)海外市場。
      A,它的產(chǎn)品過去在海外消費者中非常受歡迎。Used to是過去常如何如何的意思,從文意可知該公司正準(zhǔn)備搶占國際市場,說它過去即受到海外消費者的歡迎是無中生有的。
      B,它的擴(kuò)張已經(jīng)引起零食制造商們的激烈競爭。B的推斷很可能來自于the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated這句話,因為市場的飽和說明競爭推廣銷售非常到位,已經(jīng)把潛在需求發(fā)掘殆盡。不過僅從這句話也很難推斷出是否發(fā)生過激烈競爭,該公司完全可以一頭獨大,把國內(nèi)市場發(fā)掘完畢。另外expasion一詞在第二段更可能指的是海外擴(kuò)張,而從第二段的信息可知,公司只是在look overseas,還沒有真正參與海外競爭。
      C,它把年利潤的一半上交給母公司。從the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits這句話中的’s可知年利潤是指百事的年利潤,而half of the parent company中的of則表明這里的一半是指母公司的一半。連起來就是母公司年利潤的一半,是說這個公司的利潤占到百事總利潤的一半多,而不是把自己的一半多上交到百事。
      D,為了發(fā)展,它需要轉(zhuǎn)向世界市場。這個說法是to grow, the company has to look overseas的翻版,完全正確。
      23. A
      題目的句式較難理解,which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,如果which前面有介詞,則可把介詞放入定語從句中與謂語連接起來理解。這個句子可變?yōu)镕rito-Lay bases its development strategy on one of the assumptions,謂語是base,句意是該公司以某一設(shè)想為其發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的基礎(chǔ),這一設(shè)想是什么。
      根據(jù)第三段的敘述,Lay公司的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略基于兩個設(shè)想,一個是經(jīng)濟(jì)總量是當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)無法比擬的(offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete),二是21世紀(jì)的消費者們認(rèn)同一種全球化概念(consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept)。題支的說法只要符合二者其一就是正確的。
      A,如今全球的消費者都被全球性品牌吸引。與文中consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept意義一致,是對的。
      B,當(dāng)?shù)仄放婆c美國品牌競爭不會成功。文中是說全球性品牌可以“offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete”,全球性品牌可以是美國的,但美國品牌不都是全球性的,其中的弱小品牌參與國際競爭不會有多大優(yōu)勢。
      C,滿足中國消費者需求的產(chǎn)品會帶來更高的利潤。這個題支考查對Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company一句的理解。這句原文的意思是說大多數(shù)中國人不知道Lay是一家美國公司,結(jié)合后面的論述可知,文章在這里要表達(dá)的意思是中國消費者只會把Lay理解成全球化的品牌加以接受。這里沒有提到利潤問題,只提到中國人對其產(chǎn)品是“接受”的,那么相信其利潤不會比美國高多少。
      D,美國產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品市場價值前景更佳。這個說法與B的說法犯了同樣的錯誤,把美國產(chǎn)品等同于全球化產(chǎn)品。
      24. B
      題目問Riskey為什么要重新設(shè)計公司標(biāo)示。
      A,為了迎合不斷變化的年輕消費者口味。
      B,為了推廣公司的全球化戰(zhàn)略。
      C,為了改變公司保持了很長時間的市場形象。
      D,為了與其他美國薯片制造商競爭。
      文章說到改變公司標(biāo)示一事是在第四段,關(guān)鍵要理解The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion這句話。為了更好地理解這個長句,可以去掉中間的狀語成分,句子就成了The logo would help facilitate the company’s global expansion,意思是標(biāo)示可以幫助促進(jìn)公司的全球化擴(kuò)張。顯然,四個答案中B含有這個意思。A和D的描述都是無中生有,C的內(nèi)容與文章有所關(guān)聯(lián),與它相關(guān)的即是上面去掉的狀語成分along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips。Along with是“與……一起的意思”,也就是說would help facilitate這個謂語同時也是image的謂語,image——公司形象也是促進(jìn)海外擴(kuò)張的因素之一,那么image顯然是不能變的。
      25. C
      題目問Lay公司的高管們宣稱美國食品在國際市場的推廣如何如何。
      結(jié)合四個答案的意義,可以判斷出本題是在考查對后一段的理解。后一段旨在解釋全球化戰(zhàn)略不會帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)霸權(quán),而是為了spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world,即讓全世界分享自由企業(yè)帶來的福利。而后用高管們的話具體說明他們這一公司理想。
      A,不會對當(dāng)?shù)厝说娘嬍沉?xí)慣造成影響。第四段里有一句話:they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America,高管們承認(rèn)全球化會把一個國家的飲食口味轉(zhuǎn)向這種美國食品,這與A的說法相反。雖然后面還有一句:we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries,不過這句話的意思是對薯片的口味稍作改動,而飲食習(xí)慣本身的改變指的是讓人們都去吃薯片,少吃原來的食品,而不是在薯片成為主流食品時把其口味改動一下。
      B,將會走向經(jīng)濟(jì)帝國主義。高管們恰好反對經(jīng)濟(jì)帝國主義。
      C,將會代表當(dāng)?shù)厝说睦?。與spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world所表達(dá)的意思一致,同時,building businesses 和employing people這些都是對當(dāng)?shù)厝说呢暙I(xiàn),可以說是給當(dāng)?shù)厝藥砹死妗?
      D,不會破壞他們的薯片的口味。這與we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries(我們會為了那些國家改變口味)的意思相左。

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