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  • 您現(xiàn)在的位置:233網(wǎng)校>教師資格證>中學學科知識歷年真題>英語學科真題

    2018下半年教師資格證考試《初中英語》真題答案

    來源:233網(wǎng)校 2018年11月3日

    一、單項選擇題(本大題共30小題。每小題2分,共60分)

    1. Which of the following underlined parts is different from others in pronunciation?

    A. wished

    B. jumped

    C. kissed

    D. waited

    2. Which of the following shows the general intonation pattern in a complex sentence?

    A. When I started my↗career there was no↗unemployment.

    B. When I started my↗ career there was no↘ unemployment.

    C. When I started my↘career there was no ↗unemployment.

    D. When I started my↘ career there was no ↘ unemployment.

    3. All the_______in this school are taught by the same teacher.

    A. six-year-olds

    B. six-years-old

    C. six-year-old

    D. six-years-olds

    4. The risk of infection for that patient hasn't diminished after the operation._______, it has increased.

    A. On the whole

    B. On the contrary

    C. On the average

    D. On the other hand

    5. Testing is still a usual means_______which students' progress is measured.

    A. in

    B. at

    C. of

    D. by

    6. Many people_______in the project at both research and editing stages and we would like to thank them all here.

    A. have involved

    B. have been involved

    C. having involved

    D. having been involved

    7. Only until very recently_______possible that grammarians are able to make accurate statements about the rules of some languages.

    A. has it been

    B. it has been

    C. was it

    D. it was

    8. This is not_______they had expected after years of painstaking research.

    A. a result as bad as

    B. as a result as bad

    C. as bad as a result

    D. as bad a result as

    9. Which of the following words is formed through derivation?

    A. Students.

    B. Shorter.

    C. Bought.

    D. Insanity.

    10. The utterance “Now, correct me if I'm wrong ...”suggests that people are likely to observe the_______Maxim in daily conversations.

    A. Quantity

    B. Quality

    C. Relevance

    D. Manner

    11. When a teacher asks students to brainstorm what they will write about an unforgettable trip,he/she mainly focuses on_______.

    A. ideas

    B. layout

    C. style

    D. feedback

    12. Which of the following is a communicative task?

    A. Reading aloud the dialogue on page 24.

    B. Writing a party invitation to your Mends.

    C. Translating the first paragraph into Chinese.

    D. Making sentences with the expressions given.

    13. What is being practised if a teacher asks students to read words like "cot, hot" and "dog,log"?

    A. Spelling and structure.

    B. Stress and sound.

    C. Minimal pairs.

    D. Phonetic symbols.

    14. What teaching method is used by the teacher if much of his/her class time is spent on drilling sentence patterns followed by exercises like repetition, memorization, mimicry, etc.?

    A. The Natural Approach.

    B. The Communicative Approach.

    C. The Audio-lingual Method.

    D. The Grammar-translation Method.

    15. According to the affective-filter hypothesis,_______is NOT an affective factor influencing language learning.

    A. attitude

    B. motivation

    C. interest

    D. intelligence

    16. What does his/her feedback focus on if a teacher's comment is “John, it would be much better if you have given more details,t” ?

    A. Content.

    B. Language.

    C. Attitude.

    D. Aptitude.

    17. Which of the following is a referential question?

    A. Where was Yang Liwei born?

    B. Who is the first Chinese astronaut?

    C. Why do you think Yang Liwei is a great astronaut?

    D. When did Yang Liwei begin his historic space travel?

    18. Having lived in China for a long time, John could fully understand the cultural shocks experienced by his Chinese students. Which of the following traits does John have in this instance?

    A. Avoidance.

    B. Empathy.

    C. Extroversion.

    D. Introversion.

    19. When the teacher asks students to read a text for the main idea, he/she intends to develop students' skill of_______.

    A. retelling

    B. predicting

    C. skimming

    D. scanning

    20. Which of the following is based on the communicative view of language?

    A. Structural syllabus.

    B. Skill-based syllabus.

    C. Genre-based syllabus.

    D. Functional-notional syllabus.

    請閱讀 Passage 1,完成第21-25小題。

    Passage 1

    There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world, that's an internal motive, since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research. If she conducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown, that's an instrumental motive, since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent. Often, people have both for doing things.

    What mix of motives--internal or instrumental or both--is most conducive to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve renown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. Surely two motives are better than one. But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, instrumental motives are not always an asset and can actually be counterproductive to success.

    We analyzed data drawn from 11320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United States Military Academy at West Point, all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influenced their decision to attend the academy. The motives included things like a desire to get a good job later in life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army.

    How did the cadets fare years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives for attending West Point?

    We found, unsurprisingly, that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point, the more likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers. Also unsurprisingly, cadets with internal motives did better in the military (as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after their five years of mandatory service.

    Remarkably, cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones. They were less likely to graduate, less outstanding as military officers and less committed to staying in the military.

    Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives. Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of their work, rather than on, say, the financial returns it will bring, may be the best way to improve not only the quality of their work but also their financial success.

    There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools are available to recruit participants or improve performance. If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs, then perhaps appeals to “money for collegecareer training” or “seeing the world”will do the job. While this strategy may lure

    more recruits, it may also yield worse soldiers. Similarly, for students uninterested in learning,financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them to participate, but it may result in less well-educated students.

    21. According to the passage, which of the following is an internal motive for a newly recruited soldier?

    A. To serve the country.

    B. To receive career training.

    C. To earn money for college.

    D. To broaden their scope of vision.

    22. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cadets” in Paragraph 3?

    A. In-service soldiers.

    B. Military researchers.

    C. Military officers.

    D. Military trainees.

    23. According to the passage, which of the following is conducive to career success?

    A. Strong internal and strong instrumental motives.

    B. Strong internal and weak instrumental motives.

    C. Weak internal and strong instrumental motives.

    D. Weak internal and weak instrumental motives.

    24. What do the writers disapprove concerning the current situation of attracting recruits?

    A. Taking into account applicants' internal motives.

    B. Making them focus on the meaning of their work.

    C. Relying on whatever motivational tools available.

    D. Taking into account applicants' instrumental motives.

    25. What can be the best title for the article?

    A. Motivation and Fame

    B. Two Types of Motives

    C. The Secret of Effective Motivation

    D. The Study on the Function of Motives

    請閱讀Passage 2, 完成第 26~30 小題。

    Passage 2

    The ritual of English tea time is believed to have originated in the late 1700's when Anna,Duchess of Bedford, ordered that a plate of cakes be sent up to her with her afternoon cup of tea.

    The Duchess chronically experienced a “sinking feeling” (what we would term “l(fā)ow blood sugar”) in the late afternoon. To tide her over the long hours between meals she turned to carbohydrates.

     Other royals immediately copied the Duchess, and afternoon tea parties became quite

    fashionable. Low tables were set up in front of sofas and chairs, and the ladies found a new opportunity to show off pretty clothes, fine china, embroidered linen tablecloths and napkins, and silver tableware.

    Tea time was also the time to exchange juicy gossip and serve refreshments. Soon darling little sandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones were being arranged on decorative stands and plates for the ladies' pleasure.

    The tea party mania quickly spread across the Atlantic where tea was already enjoyed as a beverage. This fondness for tea was later suppressed by the patriotic Americans during the era immediately preceding the American Revolution because of the unreasonable British tax on tea.

    However, by April 27,1776, Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that “the drinking of tea can now be indulged.” The custom of afternoon tea parties was not really revived in this country, though, until the mid-1800's, when Victorian ways were in vogue here. Leisure-class American ladies began having“kettledrums” at 4 p.m.. “Kettledrums”was called that in connection with the term “teakettle” . Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorian opulence.

     A Victorian diarist, Maud Berkeley (Maud: The Illustrated Diary of a Victorian Woman,Chronicle Books,1987) gave an anecdote concerning tea time: "Mrs. Barnes had out a lovely tea-cloth for her tea-party, worked all over with cyclamens and honeysuckle. Shoggie Boucher, unused to such dainty, contrived to slop his tea all over it. Thankful it was not I. As it was, my new feather boa, which I wore for the first time, got into my teacup, causing much alarm and merriment to all assembled. Lilian Black-Barnes was, as ever, strong in adversity and wrung out the offending object in the kitchen sink. Fear it may never be the same again, none the less."

    My family, mother, and I were able to relieve some of that sophisticated elegance (minus the drippy boa) when we had tea at the Ritz in London. The Palm Court, an open area on the ground floor of the hotel, is a study in turn-of-the-century decor. Gilt statuary, palms, and other plants, and stylishly-set little tables beckon welcomingly under high-up, rose-tinted skylights.

    Our waiter brought us a selection of finger sandwiches of smoked salmon, ham, cucumber,Cheddar cheese, cream cheese, and chives, or egg salad. Scones (similar to American biscuits) were offered with butter, and various preserves and jellies.

    Along with this we were served Indian or China tea, and hot chocolate for my young daughter.

    Then the dapper waiter presented a vast tray holding many French pastries and cakes from which we could choose. After several teeny sandwiches and a couple of marmalade-coated scones, a chocolate eclair seemed to add carbohydrate overload to carbo-loading, but “when in England, do as the English do”.

    This tea feast was served between 3:30 and 5:30 p.m. Around 10:00 p.m., we had regained just enough appetite to sample some fish and chips (French fries), and then we put our weary stomachs and ourselves to bed.

    26. What can be inferred about the writer's opinion concerning what is served at the British teatime?

    A. The English have taken in excessive carbohydrate.

    B. The English prefer to have different types of drinks.

    C. The English are not particular about the food varieties.

    D. The English have a peculiar liking for junk food.

    27. Which of the following is a typical feature of Victorian tea time?

    A. An occasion to gather with family.

    B. An occasion to demonstrate patriotism.

    C. An occasion to show off delicacy and elegance.

    D. An occasion to entertain the British royal members.

    28. Why does the author quote Maud Berkeley in the passage?

    A. To define the nature of Victorian tea time.

    B. To prove that tea time is fashionable in America.

    C. To exemplify how exquisite an English tea time ritual was.

    D. To contrast the difference between English and American tea time.

    29. Which of the following is close in meaning to the underlined word “weary” in the last paragraph?

    A. Exhausted.

    B. Tedious.

    C. Energetic.

    D. Greedy.

    30. Which of the following is not employed in the passage?

    A. Quotation.B. Flashback.

    C. Concrete example. D. Comparison and contrast.

    二、簡答題(本大題1小題,20分)

    根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務,用中文作答。

    31.簡述形成性評價(formative assessment)的含義(4分),列舉兩種形成性評價的方法或手段(8分),并提出實施中應該注意的兩個問題(8分。

    三、教學情境分析題(本大題1小題。30分)

    根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務,用中文作答。

    32.下面是某教師一節(jié)聽說課聽前環(huán)節(jié)的教學實錄,單元話題為My favourite animal。

    圖片.png

    根據(jù)所給材料從下列三個方面作答。

    (1)分析該聽前教學活動設計的兩個優(yōu)點。(10分)

    (2)分析該教學片段存在的兩個問題。(10分)

    (3)針對每個問題提出一條改進建議。(10分)

    四、教學設計題(本大題1小題,40分)

    根據(jù)提供的信息和語言素材設計教學方案,用英文作答。

    33.設計任務:

    請閱讀下面的學生信息和語言素材,設計20分鐘的口語教學方案。教案沒有固定格式,

    但須包含下列要點:

    ·teaching objectives

    ·teaching contents

    ·key and difficult points

    ·major steps and time allocation

    ·activities and justifications

    教學時間:20分鐘

    學生概況:某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學七年級(初中一年級)學生,班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學生已經(jīng)達到《義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)》二級水平。學生課堂參與積極性一般。

    語言素材:

    Ms Li: Hello, my name is Li Fang. I'm your teacher and you are my students. I'm Chinese. I'm from Wuhan. What's your name?

    Lingling: My name is Wang Lingling.

    Ms Li: Nice to meet you, Lingling. Where are you from?

    Lingling: I'm from Beijing. I'm Chinese.

    Ms Li: How old are you?

    Lingling: I'm thirteen years old.

    Ms Li: Good. Hello, what about you?

    Daming: Hello, Ms Li, my name is Li Daming and I'm from Beijing, too. I'm twelve years old.

    Ms Li: Thanks. Hello, are you from America?

    Tony: No, I'm not. I'm from England. I'm Tony Smith.

    Ms Li: Nice to meet you, Tony. Hi, are you English, too?

    Betty: No, I'm not. I'm American and my name is Betty King.

    Lingling: Tony and Betty are our friends.

    Ms Li: Good! Welcome to Class 4 Grade 7!


    參考答案及解析

    一、單項選擇題

    1.【答案】D。解析:本題考查語音知識。規(guī)則動詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音:①在清輔音后讀作/t/ ;②在濁輔音和元音后讀作/d/;③在們后讀作/Id/。wished,jumped,kissed三個單詞畫線部分的發(fā)音均為/t/,waited畫線部分的發(fā)音為/Id/。故本題選D。

    2.【答案】B。解析:本題考查語音知識。含狀語從句的復合句的語調(diào)分為兩種情況:①若主句在前,從句在后,主句結(jié)束時意思已經(jīng)比較完整,則主句通常用降調(diào),整個句子讀完時也應該用降調(diào);②若從句在前,主句在后,則語調(diào)通常是“前升后降”。故本題選B。

    3.【答案】A。解析:本題考查名詞用法。句意為“在這所學校里,所有六歲的學生都由同一個老師來教”。分析句子成分可知,空格處應填名詞形式。six.year-old相當于形容詞;six.year-olds則為名詞復數(shù),表示同一類人。故本題選A。

    4.【答案】B。解析:本題考查介詞短語辨析。句意為“在手術(shù)后,那位病人的感染風險并沒有降低,_______增加了”。on the whole“整體上”;on the contrary“相反”,符合題意;0n the average“一般來說”;on the other hand“另一方面”。故本題選B。

    5.【答案】D。解析:本題考查介詞用法。句意為“測試仍然是檢測學生進步程度的一種常用的方式”。分析句子成分可知,空格后面是定語從句,means所在成分在從句中作方式狀語;by可表示“通過,憑借,借助”。故本題選D。

    6.【答案】B。解析:本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為“很多人已經(jīng)參與到這項工程的研究和編寫階段,在此我們要感謝他們”。分析句子成分可知,and連接前后兩個完整的句子,前半句缺少謂語,故排除C、D。many people和involve之間是被動關(guān)系,be involved in“參與,涉及”。故本題選B。

    7.【答案】A。解析:本題考查倒裝。句意為“直到最近,語法學家才能夠?qū)σ恍┱Z言規(guī)則進行精準闡述”。當“only+狀語”位于句首時,主句要用部分倒裝,即把謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放至主語的前面。根據(jù)后半句中的are able to可知本句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),故排除C、D。故本題選A。

    8.【答案】D。解析:本題考查as…as的用法。句意為“經(jīng)過多年的潛心研究,這個結(jié)果并不像他們預期的那么糟糕”。as…as意為“和……一樣”,表示同級的比較,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為as+adj./adv.+(冠詞)+名詞+as。故本題選D。

    9.【答案】D。解析:本題考查構(gòu)詞法。題干:下面哪一個單詞是通過派生法形成的?派生法指在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞的方法,如unconscious(無意識的),national(民族的)都是通過派生法形成的。通過派生法構(gòu)成的詞的詞類有的發(fā)生改變,有的保持不變。屈折變化是通過添加屈折詞綴(如數(shù)、人稱、格等)來表現(xiàn)語法關(guān)系;屈折詞綴不會改變詞干的詞類。A項是student的復數(shù)形式,B項是short的比較級形式,C項是buy的過去式,三者都是通過添加屈折詞綴變化而來。只有D項是insane的派生詞。故本題選D。

    10.【答案】B。解析:本題考查會話含義理論。題干:在日常對話中,“如果我錯了,現(xiàn)在請糾正我……”這個句子表明人們可能遵循什么準則?Quantity Maxim“數(shù)量準則”,Quality Maxim“質(zhì)量準則”,Relevance Maxim“關(guān)系準則”,Manner Maxim“方式準則”。質(zhì)量準則是指設法使你的話語真實:①不要說自知是虛假的話;②不要說缺乏足夠證據(jù)的話。故本題選B。

    11.【答案】A。解析:本題考查寫作教學。題干:在進行“難忘的旅途”寫作前,教師要求學生進行頭腦風暴,該教師主要關(guān)注的是。ideas“思想,想法”,layout“布局”,style“風格”,feedback“反饋”?!邦^腦風暴”一般在寫前進行,用于幫助學生收集想法,使學生產(chǎn)生思路。故本題選A。

    12.【答案】B。解析:本題考查課堂活動。題干:以下哪個選項屬于交際性任務?A項“朗讀第24頁的對話”,B項“給你的朋友寫一封聚會邀請函”,C項“將第一段翻譯成漢語”,D項“用所給短語造句”。communicative activity即各種形式的交際性活動,在活動中學生通過完成目標任務,即真實的交際性任務,達到真正運用語言的目的。A、C、D三項的任務都沒有放在真實的交際語境中,故本題選B。

    13.【答案】c。解析:本題考查語音教學。最小對立體,也稱最小對立對,指除了出現(xiàn)在同一個位置上的一個音之外其余都相同的兩個語音組合。題目中的cot與hot,dog與log兩組詞都只有一個音素的差別,因此該教師讓學生練習的是最小對立體。故本題選C。

    14.【答案】C。解析:本題考查教學方法。題干:如果一節(jié)課的大部分時間都是在練習句型,并且配有重復、記憶和模仿等練習,那么教師運用的是什么教學方法?A項“自然法”是一種在單詞和短語同事物之間建立直接聯(lián)系的教學方法,旨在把抽象的意義還原為形象具體的現(xiàn)實。B項“交際法”是以語言功能項目為綱,培養(yǎng)在特定的社會語境中運用語言進行交際的能力的一種教學法體系,旨在培養(yǎng)交際能力。c項“聽說法”以句型為中心,強調(diào)反復操練,以模仿、重復和記憶的方式學習。D項“語法翻譯法”以培養(yǎng)學生的閱讀能力為

    主要的教學目的,強調(diào)閱讀原著和名著,不注重口語。故本題選c。

    15.【答案】D。解析:本題考查二語習得。題干:根據(jù)情感過濾假說,不是影響語言學習的情感因素。根據(jù)克拉申的情感過濾假說,語言學習的好壞因人而異,差別主要產(chǎn)生于心理方面的因素。因?qū)W習者在學習動機、態(tài)度、信心等情感方面的強度不同,形成強弱不同的心理障礙。第二語言習得的過程受到許多情感因素的影響。語言輸入必須通過情感過濾才有可能變成語言“吸收”。態(tài)度、動力和興趣都屬于情感的范疇。intelligence“智力”不屬于該范疇。故本題選D。

    16.【答案】A。解析:本題考查教學實施和評價。題干:如果一位教師這樣評論學生“約翰,如果你能給出更多的細節(jié)信息,那就更好了”,那么該教師的反饋主要關(guān)注什么?A項“內(nèi)容”,B項“語言”,C項“態(tài)度”,D項“天賦,能力”。教師的反饋是希望學生給出更多信息,所以該教師的反饋關(guān)注內(nèi)容。故本題選A。

    17.【答案】C。解析:本題考查課堂提問。題干:下面哪一個是參考性問題?課堂問題可分為展示性問題(display questions)和參考性問題(referential questions 0展示性問題是指教師已經(jīng)知道答案或者答案能在相關(guān)工具書中找到,提問只是為了考查學生對語言知識的掌握情況的問題。參考性問題是指教師所提的問題沒有預設的答案,提問的目的在于使學生發(fā)散思維尋求信息的問題。A、B、D三項都是展示性問題,答案具有固定性。故本題選C。

    18.【答案】B。解析:本題考查跨文化交際。題干:在中國居住很長時間后,約翰完全能理解他的中國學生經(jīng)歷的文化沖擊。在這個事例中約翰有以下哪一種特質(zhì)?A項“規(guī)避”,B項“共情,共鳴”,c項“外向型”,D項“內(nèi)向型”。共情又稱同理心、同感等,它是指教師要借助知識、經(jīng)驗、技巧和學生的言行,深入學生內(nèi)心去體驗他的情感、思維,去真正地理解學生。約翰在中國居住很長時間之后,能完全理解中國學生經(jīng)歷的文化沖擊,體現(xiàn)出約翰對中國學生產(chǎn)生了共情。故本題選B。

    19.【答案】c。解析:本題考查閱讀技能。題干:教師讓學生讀文章獲取大意,目的是訓練學生的什么能力?A項“復述”,B項“預測”,c項“略讀”,D項“尋讀”。略讀是一種快速瀏覽的閱讀方式,其目的是了解文章的大意。故本題選C。

    20.【答案】D。解析:本題考查英語教學大綱。題干:下列哪一項是基于交際性語言觀產(chǎn)生的?A項“結(jié)構(gòu)型教學大綱”,B項“技能型教學大綱”,C項“體裁型教學大綱”,D項“功能一意念型教學大綱”。功能一意念型教學大綱是把學習者運用語言的需要作為出發(fā)點,以交際為基礎的大綱模式,它所教授的語言需要表達和理解各種功能,并強調(diào)交際過程。故本題選D。

    Passage l

    21.【答案】A。解析:細節(jié)題。最后一段提到“If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs,then perhaps…will do the job”,即如果追求軍事卓越和為國家服務的

    渴望不能吸引新兵服役,那么也許可以用“賺大學費用”“職業(yè)培訓”或“增長見識”來吸引新兵。結(jié)合前文可知,“賺大學費用”“職業(yè)培訓”和“增長見識”都屬于功利性動機;“為國家服務”屬于內(nèi)部動機。故本題選A。

    22.【答案】D。解析:詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“cadets”定位到第三段中的“we analyzed data drawn from11320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United States Military Academy at West Point…”由此可知,cadets指美國軍事學院西點軍校的學員。A項“在職軍人”,B項“軍事研究員”,c項“軍官”,D項“軍校學員”。故本題選D。

    23.【答案】B。解析:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段中的“…cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones”可知,擁有較高內(nèi)部動機和較低功利性動機更有助于事業(yè)的成功。故本題選B。

    24.【答案】C。解析:推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,教育工作者和指導者正面臨著誘惑——使用任何可用的激勵手段來招收新兵,雖然暫時能夠招募到新兵,但是這樣只能培養(yǎng)出更加糟糕的士兵。C項“依靠任何可用的激勵工具”違背原文,這也是作者不同意的地方。故本題選C。

    25.【答案】C。解析:主旨題。全文以“動機”為話題進行敘述,并對兩種動機即內(nèi)部動機和功利性動機的功能展開闡述,重點講述了人們應如何保持合理動機,才能對工作、生活產(chǎn)生積極影響,從而解釋了有效動機的內(nèi)涵。C項能夠概括全文主旨。

    Passage 2

    26.【答案】A。解析:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“To tide her over the long hours between meals she tumed to carbohydrates”和第四段中的“…little sandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones...”可推斷出,英國人在下午茶時攝入了太多的碳水化合物。B項“英國人更喜歡不同種類的飲料”,原文提到的飲料只有tea。C項“英國人對食物的種類不講究”,與原文意思相反。D項“英國人對垃圾食品情有獨鐘”,下午茶的點心并非垃圾食品。故本題選A。

    27.【答案】c。解析:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的“Victorian tea time”定位到第六段。根據(jù)“Leisure—class American ladies began having‘kettledrums’at 4 p.m..‘Kettledrums’was called that in connection with the term‘teakettle’.Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorian opulence”可知,維多利亞時期下午茶的特點是輕松、精致、奢華。故本題選c。

    28.【答案】c。解析:推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Maud Berkeley”定位至第七段。Maud Berkeley描述維多利亞時期的下午茶:Barnes夫人用可愛的桌布、各種花草裝飾茶會;有人不習慣這種精致,把茶水灑在上面;“我”的羽毛圍巾掉進了茶杯里,引起了圍觀者的警告和嬉笑,有人幫忙在廚房水槽邊擰干……。據(jù)此可以推斷,這個例子是為了說明英國的下午茶是多么精致。故本題選C。

    29.【答案】A。解析:詞匯題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段的最后一句話。weary stomach是指人們在享受完下午茶及晚餐后,在胃里還塞滿了美食沒有消化的情況下就入睡了。weary“疲倦的,厭煩的”,此處表示胃部由于塞滿食物而充實的狀態(tài)。exhausted“精疲力竭的”,tedious“沉悶的”,energetic“精力充沛的”,greedy“貪婪的”。根據(jù)句意可知本題選A。

    30.【答案】B。解析:推斷題。quotation“引用”,flashback“倒敘”,concrete example“舉例”,comparison and contrast“比較和對比”。第六段第一句“However,by April 27,1776,Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that‘the drinking oftea can now be indulged.”’和第七段進行了引用,故排除A。倒數(shù)第四段到倒數(shù)第二段運用例子來描述英國的下午茶,故排除C。全文將英國下午茶和美國的下午茶進行對比,故用到了對比手法,排除D。flashback“倒敘”,經(jīng)常用于小說故事的描述中,本文并沒有涉及。故本題選B。

    二、簡答題

    31.【參考答案】

    (1)形成性評價的含義:

    形成性評價是指在某項教學活動過程中,評價活動本身的效果,用以調(diào)節(jié)活動過程,保證目標的實現(xiàn)而進行的評價,是為指導教學過程順利進行而對學生在學習過程中使用所學知識進行學習活動的情況的評價。

    (2)形成性評價的方法:

    ①量化評價法。

    a.調(diào)查表。調(diào)查表主要用于在學生學習某一單元、某一課之前所進行的簡短調(diào)查。通過對學生的調(diào)查,一方面可以了解學生已有的水平和存在的問題;另一方面可以幫助教師及時調(diào)整教學進度和教學策略。

    b.評價量表。評價量表用于學生在進行一個階段的學習后所進行的綜合評價,一般每個模塊以2-3次為宜。評價量表通過分項目、分內(nèi)容、分等級、分不同的評價者進行評價。

    ②質(zhì)性評價法。

    a.優(yōu)秀作品。為了彌補評價量表的不足,學生可以通過展示自己的優(yōu)秀作品說明學習過程中所取得的一些重要成果,包括習作、研究性論文、小制作等。

    b.概念圖。學生學習完一個或幾個單元以后,可以通過圖表的方式來歸納和總結(jié)階段性學習的重點、難點、所需掌握的主要語言技能、各語言知識之間的聯(lián)系等。

    c.錄音或錄像。由于交際功能是語言的重要功能之一,培養(yǎng)學生良好的口語表達能力是英語教學的重要目標。對學生的口語進行錄音或?qū)W生的英語表演進行錄像,將有助于教師全面了解學生在語言交際能力方面存在的不足。

    d.成長記錄袋。成長記錄袋主要收集學生在學習過程中生成的各種作品(如作業(yè)、論文、手工作品、表演錄像等),用以展現(xiàn)學生的努力、成就與進步,描述學生學習的過程與結(jié)果。

    e.教師觀察。觀察是評價學生學習行為的基本方式。教師可以觀察學生日常學習的諸多方面,比如,觀察學生在課堂上如何做出反應,如何使用教材,在小組活動中如何與其他同學相互交流與合作,如何有效地展示自己對所學內(nèi)容的理解。通過觀察,教師可以了解學生學會了什么,哪些學習策略對學生有幫助,學生喜歡哪些活動和材料等。

    f.訪談/座談。教師與學生間的訪談或座談有利于評價學生的個人學習情況和需求。在與學生的交談中,教師可以發(fā)現(xiàn)學生對自己學習情況的感覺和看法。交談的主題可以根據(jù)學生個人的需要和教學要求來定。

    g.讀書筆記。為了鼓勵學生大量閱讀,教師可以要求學生寫讀書筆記或讓他們談讀后感。這樣,學生不是為讀書而讀書,而是通過讀書學會思考問題,進而表達自己的思想和感情。

    h.項目和演示。教師可以鼓勵學生完成一些學習項目,比如,兩個星期做一次采訪報告或兩個月做一項保護環(huán)境的規(guī)劃等。在完成項目的過程中,教師應鼓勵學生進行創(chuàng)造性思考。項目完成后,教師可以讓學生做相關(guān)的書面報告和課堂演示。

    (考生列舉兩種即可。)

    (3)形成性評價實施中應該注意的問題:

    ①評價時既要關(guān)注學生的學習結(jié)果,更要關(guān)注學生的學習過程。評價要強化診斷和發(fā)展功能,弱化甄別和選拔功能;反映學生學習的成績和進步,激勵學生學習,幫助學生認識自我,樹立學習的信心。

    ②教師進行教學評價后要及時向?qū)W生提供反饋信息,幫助學生了解在學習過程中存在的問題,盡快找出原因,并想出對策加以解決。

    三、教學情境分析題

    32.【參考答案】

    (1)該聽前教學活動的兩個優(yōu)點:

    ①該教師讓學生猜自己最喜歡的動物,從而引出本節(jié)聽說課的主題My favourite animal,并為后面學生運用“What is your favourite animal?”的句型做了鋪墊。此外,該教師利用直觀教具毛絨兔子,有效地調(diào)動了學生的學習興趣與積極性。

    ②該教師在PPT上呈現(xiàn)聽力材料中涉及的動物詞匯,目的是在聽前階段為學生掃除聽力過程中可能遇到的生詞障礙。

    (2)該教學片段存在的兩個問題:

    ①教師在PPT上呈現(xiàn)聽力材料中涉及的所有動物詞匯,并逐一領讀,這種詞匯學習的方法單一枯燥,不能調(diào)動學生的積極性,容易使學生失去興趣。

    ②教師只帶領學生圍繞單詞進行學習,沒有引導學生對聽力材料的內(nèi)容進行預測。

    (3)兩個改進建議:

    ①從前面學生的回答中,可知學生已掌握了monkey,panda,elephant這幾個單詞。此外,根據(jù)材料可判斷出本節(jié)課的聽說重點應該圍繞“What is your favourite animal?And why?”進行。因此教師只需重點呈現(xiàn)聽力材料涉及的生詞以及一些相關(guān)的形容詞,并且采用圖片、視頻、音頻等多種方式開展教學,充分激發(fā)學生的學習興趣。

    ②在聽前階段,教師的主要任務是幫助學生熟悉聽力話題,所以教師在激活學生已有知識并掃除聽力障礙后,可以設置一兩個問題或相關(guān)表格,讓學生預測所聽材料的主要內(nèi)容,并讓學生帶著問題去聽,以便收到良好的聽力效果。

    四、教學設計題

    33.【參考設計】

    Teaching Contents:

    This material is a dialogue between a teacher and four students, which is mainly about where they are from and

    how old they are.

    Teaching Objectives:

    (1) Knowledge objectives

    ① Students can understand the meaning of the speaking material.

    ② Students can master the sentence patterns:

    What is your name? My name is ...

    Where are you from? I'm from ... I'm a/an ...

    How old are you? I'm ...

    (2) Ability objectives

    ① Students can improve their speaking and listening abilities through the group work.

    ② Students can fluently introduce themselves to others.

    (3) Emotional objective

    Students can foster their interest and desire of learning English, and can be fond of taking part in class activities.Teaching Key and Difficult Points:

    (1) Teaching key point

    Students can understand and use the sentence patterns to talk with others.

    (2) Teaching difficult point

    Students can foster the interest of learning English and apply the sentences into daily life.

    Major Steps:

    Step 1 Presentation (6 minutes)

    (1) Show students a picture about the first day of new school life and ask students to guess what the dialogue is mainly about. After two minutes, invite two students to share their answers with the whole class.

    (2) Ask students to listen to the conversation to get the main idea, and then to fill in the chart.

    圖片.png

    (Justification: The picture can help students guess the main idea. Listening and filling in the chart can help students seize details of the conversation and develop their listening ability.)

    Step 2 Practice (9 minutes)

    Activity I:

    Divide students into groups of four, and ask them to practise the conversation. Then invite several groups to act out the conversation in the front of the classroom.

    Activity 2:

    Ask students to make a survey and finish the table. After 3 minutes, invite several representatives to make a report to the whole class.

    圖片.png

    (Justification: Two activities can help students practise the sentence patterns and foster their interest of learning English. Besides, their abilities of speaking and cooperating with others can be improved.)

    Step 3 Production (5 minutes)

    Ask students to have a role-play in groups of four. Ask them to play roles of international students from America, France, England, Canada ... They meet each other for the first time and want to make friends. Students

    should think about what they should say and what information they expect to get from others.

    When students are performing, the teacher should observe students' performance, give help and give positive evaluations.

    Then volunteer groups will have the chance to perform in the front of the classroom.

    (Justification: Through the practice, students can gradually become proficient in using the sentence patterns they have learned and apply them into daily life. In addition, their confidence of speaking and learning English can be cultivated.)

    參考答案及解析

    一、單項選擇題

    1.【答案】C。解析:本題考查單詞的重音位置。題干:下面哪個單詞的重音模式與其他單詞不同?A、B、D三項的重音位置均在第二個音節(jié)上,只有C項的重音在第一個音節(jié)上。故本題選C。

    2.【答案】B。解析:本題考查句子的重音。因為Julia想糾正跟她對話的那個人對她名字的誤讀,名字是“Julia”而不是“Julian”,所以此處應該把正確的名字“Julia”重讀。故本題選B。

    3.【答案】A。解析:本題考查構(gòu)詞法。A項“首字母縮略詞”指由幾個單詞的首字母派生出來的新詞;B項意為“混成詞”;C項意為“截斷詞”;D項意為“新創(chuàng)詞”?!癠NESCO”是“United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization”(聯(lián)合國教育、科學及文化組織)的首字母縮寫。故本題選A。

    4.【答案】D。解析:本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意為“他看起來像一個蘇格蘭人,但是他的口音可能暴露了他”。give off“發(fā)出,放出(氣味、熱、光等)”,give out“分發(fā),公布”,give in“屈服,讓步”,giveaway“暴露,泄露”。根據(jù)句意可知本題選D。

    5.【答案】C。解析:本題考查固定搭配。句意為“這本書是如此受歡迎,以至于它的銷量都是以百萬計的”。by the million“數(shù)以百萬計的”為固定搭配。故本題選C。

    6.【答案】D。解析:本題考查連詞的用法。句意為“不管成功與否,我們可以肯定我們盡了最大的努力”。provided“如果……”,其后一般跟條件狀語從句;if only“要是……就好了”;沒有if or not這種用法;whether or not“不論,是否”。故本題選D。

    7.【答案】A。解析:本題考查省略與習慣用法。句意為“——你能跟我們一起去游泳嗎?——恐怕不能。”答句補充完整應為“I'm afraid l will not be able to go swimming with you”,這里省略了后半部分。在英文中回絕別人的邀請,可以用I'm afraid not。故本題選A。

    8.【答案】B。解析:本題考查as引導的非限制性定語從句。句意為“按照慣例,調(diào)查人員在飛機失事后對殘骸進行了極其仔細的搜索”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處需要填入非限制性定語從句的引導詞,代指逗號后面的整個句子,并在從句中作主語。選項中只有as作為關(guān)系代詞引導非限制性定語從句,且可以置于句首。故本題選B。

    9.【答案】D。解析:本題考查社會語言學。題干:在漢語中用不同的詞來指代父親的母親(奶奶)和母親的母親(外婆),但是在英語中“grandmother”一詞可以用于兩種情況,這表明________。在一門語言中由一個或者兩個術(shù)語表征的事物,在另--H語言中可能由更多的術(shù)語來表征,也就是說,(講)不同語言的人們對事物有不同的分類方法。故本題選D。

    10.【答案】D。解析:本題考查委婉語。題干:當說話者稱呼老年人為“the elderly”而不是“the old”時,使用了以下哪種稱謂語?social dialect“社會方言”,taboo“禁忌語”,lingua franca“通用語”,euphemism“委婉語”?!皌he elderly”是“the old”的委婉說法,故本題選D。

    11.【答案】A。解析:本題考查教學方法與技巧。elicitation“啟發(fā),誘導”,monitoring“監(jiān)控,監(jiān)測”,prompting“提示”,recasting“重組(復述)”。教師通過向?qū)W生提問來啟發(fā)學生進行思考。故本題選A。

    12.【答案】D。解析:本題考查語言測試。diagnostic test“診斷陛測試”主要用于了解學生在外語學習過程中的進展情況及存在的問題,從而補救教與學的不足。placement test“分級考試”是一種綜合性的英文水平測試及心理測試項目,一般用于分班測試,用來對學生的學習水平進行快速評估,為學生選擇一個適當?shù)膶W習起點。proficiency test“水平測試”不以具體的教材為命題依據(jù),旨在評定學生現(xiàn)有的英語水平是否達到能勝任某一新的學習任務或工作需要的程度。achievement test“成績測試”旨在了解一段時期內(nèi)學生對所學課程內(nèi)容的掌握情況,以便對學生的學習成績做出評定。學校英語教學中的期末測試屬于成績測試。

    13.【答案】B。解析:本題考查學習風格。題干:如果小李在聽一篇文章的時候試圖聽懂每一個單詞,她表現(xiàn)出的是什么樣的學習風格?Intolerance of Ambiguity“模糊容忍度”是指學生面對一系列不熟悉的、復雜的線索時,對模棱兩可的信息進行知覺加工的方式。模糊容忍度低的學生傾向于將模糊的、不完整的、不確定的、不連貫的信息看作是潛在的心理威脅的起因。題于中的小李在聽文章時,試圖理解每一個單詞,體現(xiàn)了較低的模糊容忍度。故本題選B。Field-dependence“場依存”是指學生對事物做判斷時傾向于以外部參照作為信息加工的依據(jù),容易受周圍的人,特別是權(quán)威人士的影響和干擾,善于察言觀色;Risk.taking“冒險”;Field-independence“場獨立”是指學生對客觀事物做判斷時,常常利用內(nèi)部的參照,不易受外來的因素影響和干擾,能夠獨立對事物做判斷。

    14.【答案】c。解析:本題考查閱讀教學。A項“通過上下文猜測詞義”,B項“歸納文章大意”,C項“理解文本的連貫性”,D項“尋讀找出細節(jié)信息”。如果教師要求學生在閱讀課上重新排列雜亂的句子,他/她的目的是培養(yǎng)學生理解文本的連貫性的能力。故本題選C。

    15.【答案】D。解析:本題考查教學反饋。repetition“重復”,suggestion“建議”,introduction“介紹”,clarification“闡釋,說明”。當教師問“你這么說想表達什么意思?”時,他/她想讓學生進行解釋說明。故本題選D。

    16.【答案】D。解析:本題考查語用教學。題干:當教師說“當你和老人說話時,你最好用一種更禮貌的方式”,他/她正在提醒學生注意語言使用的_______。fluency“流利度”,complexity“復雜性”,accuracy“準確性”,appropriacy“得體性”。以禮貌的方式和老人說話體現(xiàn)了語言運用的得體性。故本題選D。

    17.【答案】A。解析:本題考查課堂問題的類型。課堂問題可分為展示性問題(display questions)和參考性問題(referential questions)。展示性問題是指教師已經(jīng)知道答案或者答案能在相關(guān)工具書中找到的問題,提問只是為了考查學生對語言知識的掌握情況。參考性問題是指沒有預設的答案的問題,提問的目的是使學生發(fā)散思維、尋求信息。A項“‘immense’是什么詞性?”屬于展示性問題;B、C、D三項都是參考性問題。故本題選A。18.【答案】C。解析:本題考查課堂教學。題干:下列哪個選項是在語境中練習“How often…”?A項“用how often造句”,B項“用how often和給出的單詞造句”,C項“我每周購物兩次。你多久購物一次?”D項“請把這句話改成用how often提問的問句”。C項呈現(xiàn)了一個購物話題,是在語境中練習how often的方法。故本題選C。

    19.【答案】B。解析:本題考查英語教學活動。A項“做報告、角色扮演和游戲”,B項“朗讀、聽寫和翻譯”,C項“角色扮演、解決問題和討論”,D項“信息交流、敘述和采訪”。英語教學中的控制性活動包括朗讀、聽寫、翻譯、背誦、模仿、重復、編對話、分角色閱讀、復述等活動;開放性活動包括模擬真實情境進行的角色扮演、辯論、做報告、游戲、信息交流、采訪、小組討論、即興演講等活動。故本題選B。

    20.【答案】A。解析:本題考查教學大綱。題干:是根據(jù)語言的形態(tài)和句法方面來設計的。structural syllabus“結(jié)構(gòu)教學大綱”主要以語法教學為導向,以語言結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎,把語言看作一系列由語法規(guī)則組成的體系。situational  syllabus“情景教學大綱”是以情景為線索來選擇和組織語言的,它的目的是具體區(qū)分目標語使用的不同場景。skill—based syllabus“技能型教學大綱”的“技能”是指學習者普遍具有的、不依賴特定語境的聽、說、讀、寫四種語言能力,例如發(fā)指令的能力,略讀、尋讀的閱讀技能,寫各種報告的能力,聽英文廣播的能力等;技能型教學大綱的主要目的是使學習者學習特定的語言技能。content—based syllabus“內(nèi)容型教學大綱”中的“內(nèi)容”指的是與各個學科知識相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,如技術(shù)、社會、計算機等,這種教學大綱主張把其他學科的內(nèi)容引入第二語言的教學中。故本題選A。

    Passage l

    21.【答案】A。解析:詞匯題。畫線詞所在句為“The answer is a resounding no,because,well,brains aremore sophisticated than that”。句中修飾“no”的詞resounding本意為“響亮的,洪亮的”,這里應該是指“答案當然/肯定是no”。definite“確定的,確切的,有把握的”,repetitive“重復的”,echoing“回聲現(xiàn)象,反照現(xiàn)象”,impressive“給人以深刻印象的”,故本題選A。

    22.【答案】D。解析:細節(jié)題。由第二段中的“…instead ofjust crowding in,old information is sometimespushed out of the brain for new memories to form”可知,大腦不會儲存滿是因為大腦在形成新的記憶的時候舊的信息會被清除,因此D項符合題意。A項“大腦能夠忘掉我們想記住的東西”,B項“大腦能夠記住我們想記住的東西”,C項“大腦能夠像圖書館一樣儲存無限的信息”,說法均不準確。故本題選D。

    23.【答案】B。解析:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段中的“This change was most prominent in regions near the frontof the brain,such as the prefrontal codex,rather than key memory structures in the middle of the brain,such as thehippocampus,which is traditionally associated with memory loss”可知,記憶變化的主要結(jié)構(gòu)在前額皮質(zhì),但傳統(tǒng)上認為與喪失記憶有關(guān)的部位是大腦中部。故本題選B。

    24.【答案】C。解析:主旨題。文章開門見山,直接指出大腦就像一個永無止境的圖書館。第一段的最后一句“But is there a point where it reaches capacity?In other words,can the brain be‘full’?”以問句的形式引出全文,文章接下來論證為什么大腦的儲存不會滿。故本題選C。

    25.【答案】B。解析:推斷題。由本文最后一段可知,前人的研究都集中在我們怎樣學習和記住新信息上,而當前的研究開始更多地強調(diào)我們遺忘的條件,因為人們開始認識到它的重要性。因此,在后續(xù)的研究中,人們可能討論“與遺忘相關(guān)的條件”,故B項符合題意。

    Passage 2

    26.【答案】A。解析:細節(jié)題。由第一段中的“It wasn’t until the 1970s,though,that wrapped,factory—madecandy was viewed as the only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins…”和“A key reason for this Was safety…”可知,20世紀70年代糖果的主要特點是安全、有包裝、工廠批量生產(chǎn)。故本題選A。

    27.【答案】B。解析:含義題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“A key reason for this was safety,as parents feared that real.1ife boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren’t store-bought and sealed”可知,家長擔心的是現(xiàn)實中的壞人會對那些不是在商店買的被密封的糖果動手腳,所以boogeymen指的是有邪惡企圖的人。故本題選B。

    28.【答案】C。解析:細節(jié)題。由第二段中的“Company founder Milton Hershey…affordable for average Americans”可知,Milton Hershey是批量生產(chǎn)牛奶巧克力棒并把它從奢侈品變?yōu)槠胀ㄊ称返南闰?qū),而不是專門為富人生產(chǎn)牛奶巧克力棒,故A項錯誤。由第二段中的“…and Hershey’S Kisses made their debut in 1907”可知,Hershey’S Kisses首次出現(xiàn)在1907年,故B項錯誤。由該段中的“In 1917,Harry Burner Reese…worked atits factory”和“In the mid-1920s,he built a factory of his own…”可知,Milton Hershey曾雇用過Harry Burnett Reese,且后者后來創(chuàng)辦了自己的工廠,故C項正確。根據(jù)第三段中的“Forrest Mars relocated to England,where he created the Mars bar in the early 1930s.In 1941,he launched M&Ms.Mars anticipated that...SO he partnered with Bruce Murrie”可知D項錯誤。故本題選C。

    29.【答案】C。解析:細節(jié)題。由最后一段中的“The name is said to be derived from a London literary and political group…”可知,該名字來源于倫敦一個文學和政治組織,故本題選C。

    30.【答案】B。解析:主旨題。本文主要講述了萬圣節(jié)糖果的起源以及各個歷史時期糖果的名字和品牌。B項“萬圣節(jié)糖果的起源和歷史”可以較全面地概括文章主旨,故本題選B。

    二、簡答題

    31.【參考答案】

    (1)小組活動(groupwork)在英語教學中的作用:

    ①小組活動以學生為主體,有利于充分調(diào)動全體學生的積極性,促進學生參與課堂交流。小組活動創(chuàng)設了活躍、寬松的學習氛圍,避免了教師單方面的語言輸出,這樣能夠提高學生學習英語的興趣,培養(yǎng)學生互相幫助、合作解決問題的能力。

    ②小組活動強調(diào)群體間的經(jīng)驗交流,互相啟發(fā)。在小組活動中,學生能夠在與同齡人的交流中鍛煉英語綜合運用能力,取長補短,使英語水平得到提高。

    ③小組活動為學生創(chuàng)設了交際環(huán)境,提供了交流平臺。學生能通過小組活動進行語言操練,加深對語言形式和意義的理解,從而使“語言技能”到“運用語言進行交際”的發(fā)展成為可能。

    (考生回答兩點即可。)

    (2)有效實施小組活動的建議:

    ①合理組建小組,明確職責分工。教師要從學生的實際情況出發(fā),注意學生之間的差異性,進行合理分組。教師可以根據(jù)性別、性格特點、學習成績、遵守紀律情況等方面的差異建立若干個學習小組,這樣既可以增加學習小組的競爭性,又可以增加合作學習小組成員的多樣性。在分組后,要根據(jù)每個人的實際情況,明確分工,確保每個組員都有屬于自己的任務,使每個人都能有效地發(fā)揮作用。

    ②明確活動目的。在活動開始之前,教師要使學生明白小組活動的任務和要求,從而使學生能按照教師的布置認真完成小組任務并有實質(zhì)性的收獲。

    ③精心選擇教學內(nèi)容。小組合作學習中最值得討論的內(nèi)容是使人模棱兩可、易產(chǎn)生認知沖突的內(nèi)容。教師可以就此內(nèi)容引導學生合作交流,達成一致意見,從而體現(xiàn)合作學習的價值。此外還可以運用多種策略解決一些開放性的問題,這樣可以很好地激發(fā)學生的探究思維。匯聚多角度的思維,便于學生在傾聽中發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的長處,突破自己的思維局限。

    ④在小組活動中合理引導、積極調(diào)控。教師必須仔細觀察各個合作小組的合作情況。在小組活動中,教師要引導學生學會傾聽,在聽取其他小組合作成員的成果的基礎上有的放矢,并在吸收小組合作成員已有成果的基礎上來認識問題、分析問題。在合作學習過程中,教師要及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,并給予適當?shù)狞c撥。

    (考生回答三點即可。)

    三、教學情境分析題

    32.【參考答案】

    (1)①封閉式問題只有一個正確答案,答案是限制性的,只能評估學生對特定知識的了解。

    例句:

    Can elephants swim?

    Can tigers swim?

    ②開放式問題的答案不止一個,它能調(diào)動學生的思維,考查學生的理解能力和語用能力,語用信息量較大。

    例句:

    What animals do you like best?

    Why do you like them?

    (2)①封閉式問題。

    優(yōu)點:封閉式問題的答案是固定的,有利于考查學生對于語言知識掌握的準確性,可以幫助學生更好地掌

    握和鞏固目標語,有助于學生掌握正確的語言形式。

    缺點:封閉式問題屬于機械性操練,學生只需要回答出特定答案,沒有過多的思考,不能起到發(fā)散思維的作用,不利于培養(yǎng)學生舉一反三、實際運用語言的能力。

    ②開放式問題。

    優(yōu)點:開放式問題的答案通常不是唯一的。教師在教學中使用開放式問題,能夠引導學生自己去思考答案,發(fā)散學生的思維,讓學生有動腦思考的過程,培養(yǎng)學生真正運用語言的能力,做到啟發(fā)式教學。

    缺點:與封閉式問題相比,開放式問題較難,所以對于一些基礎比較薄弱的學生來說完成起來會有一定的難度。如果教師應用不當?shù)脑挘赡軙鸩坏阶饔?,打擊學生的積極性,不利于教學的順利進行。

    (3)特點:

    ①該教師在導入環(huán)節(jié)采用了封閉式提問以及開放式提問的方式,使提問方式多元化。這兩種方式適用于不同的學生,也有各自的作用,這樣可以充分發(fā)揮兩種提問方式的優(yōu)勢,削弱兩種提問方式的劣勢,提高了教學的有效性。

    ②該教師的提問方式富于變化。該教師沒有讓學生采用單一的回答方式,而是讓學生自愿回答、齊答和指定學生回答,注重了問題的廣度,這樣能夠集中學生的注意力,充分調(diào)動學生學習的積極性,使每個學生都有適度的參與感和緊張感,提高了教學的有效性。

    四、教學設計題

    33.【參考設計】

    Teaching Contents:

    The passage is about hobbies. It points out the benefits brought by hobbies and introduces David Smith's

    hobbies and how his writing hobby brings him pleasure and success.

    Teaching Objectives:

    (1) Knowledge objective

    Students can know the development of David's writing hobby.

    (2) Ability objectives

    ① Students can improve their reading ability to catch the key and detailed information.

    ② Students can improve their speaking ability to talk about their hobbies.

    (3) Emotional objective

    Students can realize the importance of developing good hobbies.

    Teaching Key and Difficult Points:

    How to improve students' reading abilities and help them to retell the development of David's writing hobby.

    Major Steps:

    Step 1 Pre-reading (3 minutes)

    Ask students to talk about the following questions and invite some students to share their answers.

    (1) What are your hobbies? How do you develop your hobbies?

    (2) Do you think hobbies are good for you? Why?

    (Justification: This step can draw students' attention, and make them prepare for reading the text.)

    Step 2 While-reading (10 mlnntes)

    Activity 1: Fast reading

    Ask students to read the passage quickly and then conclude the main idea of each paragraph.

    Activity 2: Careful reading

    (1) Ask students to read the passage again and answer the following questions:

    ① What are the advantages of hobbies to people according to the passage?

    ② How did David develop his writing ability during summer vacation?

    ③ What did David do after he went back to school?

    ④ What other hobby does David have?

    (2) Ask students to read the passage for the third time and conclude the development of David's writing hobby.

    圖片.png

    (Justification: Different ways of exploiting the text can help students not merely to cope with the text in class but to develop students' fast reading and careful reading abilities.)

    Step 3 Post-readlng (7 minntes)

    (1) Ask students to try to retell the passage according to the table above and choose two students to show in class.

    (2) Ask students to work in pairs to talk about the development of their hobbies, and then let three pairs to show in class.

    For example:

    S1: What is your hobby?

    S2: My hobby is ...

    S1: When do you like ...?

    S2: ... What is your hobby?

    S1: ...

    (Justification: Through the practice, students' speaking ability to talk about their hobbies can be trained, and the

    atmosphere in class can be activated.)

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