單項(xiàng)選擇題
1、根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答題：
questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group's IQ would t esimply the aveiage intelligence of the group's members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team's smartest participant, But researchers who study groups have found that this isn't so.
Rather, a group's intelligence emerges the interactions that go on Within the group. A teams intelligence can be measured, and like an individual's IQ scere, it can accurately predict the team's performance on a Wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual's intelligence is expandable, a group's intelligence can alsobe increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the developttment of smart teams:
Chose team members carefully, The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another's social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
Talk about the “how”. Many members of teams don't like to spend time talking about “process”, preferring to get right down to work--but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they Will Work together aice ultimately more efficient and effective.
share the floor: In the most intelligent teams, found  Woolley, members take turns speaking Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don't say much bring down, the


What do we learn about a group's IQ?
A．It equals the total intelligence of the group members.
B．It determines the interactions among the group members.
C．It can help measure an individual's IQ score in the group.
D．It can help predict the group's performance on various tasks.


2、根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答題：
How to Reinvent College Rankings：Show the Data Students Need Most
A. All rankings are misleading and biased (有偏見(jiàn)的.. But they're also the only way to pick a school. I've heard those exact words dozens of times and inferred their sentiment hundreds more. They undoubtedly were a major contributing factor in the 250.000 applications to the too colleges this past year. With only 14,000 chances available, there will be a lot of disappointed families when decisions are announced in a few days. For 30 years, I've co-authored bestselling books and provocative articles about how to improve one's chances of being accepted at a "top" college.
B. The first edition of our book Getting In! revealed what went on behind the admission committees' closed doors，and introduced the concepts of packaging and positioning to the college-application vocabulary. The newest edition adapts the same principles to the digital age. But the core messagere mains: good colleges are not looking for the well-rounded kid--they're looking to put together thewell-rounded class.
C. What were revelations in 1983 are common knowledge today--at least among college-bound students, parents, and counselors. They also don't have to be told that the odds of getting into a "highly selective" school are ridiculously low. Brown and Dartmouth will each accept about 9 percent of applicants; Cornell, Northwestern, and Georgetown about 16 percent. And Harvard, Yale, and Stanford? Forget about it: less than 7 percent!
D. Wanting to attend a "name" school isn't illogical. And there is nothing illogical in parents wanting a better return on their investment. A college's brand value--whether that school's name will be recognized and open employers' door.
E. Colleges, counselors, and parents talk a lot about finding the right "fit" between a school and a student. In reality, the process is dominated by reputation. The problem is that college reputation shave been controlled by rankings. Far too many "highly ranked" colleges are gaming the rankings and trying to attract more and more applicants--when the particular college is actually a poor "fit" for many of the kids applying. Colleges want to attract and reject more kids because that "selectivity" improves the institution's ranking. College presidents publicly complain there are too many college rankings. Privately, they admit they have to provide the data that feed that maw (大胃口.. They can't afford to be left off a rankings list. The real losers in this system are students and their parents. A bad fit is costly, not just in dollars, but in time, energy, and psychological well-being.
F. The emphasis should be on finding the right fit. But finding the right fit is not east. Subjective guide books like Edward Fiske's--originally titled the New York Times Selective Guide to Colleges--are very useful and consciously do not include rankings. Ted changed his three-category rating system to make it more difficult to simply add "stars" and rank-list colleges. Even families who can afford to visit lots of colleges and endure the backward-walking tours find that carious personalities soon blur in their memory.
G. Thus it is not surprising that anxious, busy parents turn to rankings for shorthand comfort. Unfortunately, the data that U, S. News and other media companies are collecting are largely irrelevant. As a result, the rankings they generate are not meaningless, just misleading. Some examples: U. S. News places a good deal of emphasis on the percentage of faculty who hold a" terminal degree"--typically a Ph. D. Unfortunately, a terminal degree does not correlate (相關(guān)的.in any way with whether that professor is a good teacher. It also doesn't improve that professor's accessibility to students. In fact, there is usually such a correlation: the more senior the professor, the less time they have for undergraduates.
H. U.S. News' second most heavily weighted factor--after a college's six-year graduation rate--is a peer assessment of colleges by college presidents and admissions deans. You read that right: administrators are asked to evaluate colleges that are competitive with their own school. If not an complete conflict of interest, this measure is highly suspect.
I. Even some seemingly reasonable "inputs" are often meaningless. U.S. News heavily weights the number of classes with fewer than 20 students. But small classes are like comfort food., it is what high-school kids are familiar with. They have never sat in a large lecture hall with a very interesting speaker. So it is not something they could look forward or value.
J. While most rankings suffer from major problems in criteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn). and inputs, the biggest problem is simpler: all the ranking systems use weightings that reflect the editors' personal biases. Very simply，some editors' priorities are undoubtedly going be different from what is important to me. Assuredly preferences are different from my kids', And both will differ markedly from our neighbors' objectives.
K. Colleges say they truly want to attract kids for whom the school will be a good fit. To make good on that promise, colleges need to provide families with insight, not just information； and they need to focus on outputs, not. just inputs. Collecting and sharing four sets of very different data would be a good start； Better insight into the quality of education a student will get on that campus. Colleges need to share the exam scores for all students applying to medical school, law school, business school, and graduate programs. These tests reflect not just the ability of the kids who've gone to that college, but what they've learned in the three-plus years they've attended. Colleges need to assess a campus "happiness" coefficient (系數(shù).. A happy campus is a more productive learning environment; and one that has a lower incidence of alcohol and drug abuse. The full debt that families incur (招致. ; not just student debt. The salaries of graduates one, five, and 10 years after graduation.
L. A fifth useful metric is what employers--both nationally and regionally--think of graduates from particular colleges. Hiring preferences are a useful proxy (代表.for reputation.
M. The last piece in enabling families to find a better fit will come from entrepreneurs. Some smart "kid" will develop an online tool that will allow students and parents to take this new college-reported data and assign weighting factors to the characteristics that are important to them. The tool would then generate a customized ranking of colleges that reflects the family's priorities--not some editor's.
N. Colleges may complain about the rankings, but they are complicit (串通一氣的. in keeping them. It is reminiscent (懷舊的. of the classic Claude Raines line in Casablanca: "I'm shocked, shocked to find that gambling is going on in here!" ff colleges really want kids for whom their college is a good fit, they will collect and publish the types of honest data that will give families a better basis for smart decisions.

The rankings generated on the basis of data collected by U.S. News and other media companies are misleading.

3、根據(jù)以下資料，回答題：
        A. Like many of its Caribbean neighbors, Haiti once drew many tourists. But decades of political instability, repression and poverty, as well as natural disasters, led to the decay of the tourism infrastructure, and almost no visitors come now. Officials would like to change that. The arts town of
Jacmel is one place they think could be a start.
        B. A couple of untidy aid workers were sucking down Sunday morning beers at the Hotel Florita here when the minister of tourism rolled up to the roadside, followed by the interior minister with body guards and then the star of the show, New York fashion designer Donna Karan of DKNY. The notables
were in Jacmel, the funky (含有黑人韻味的爵士 ) art and carnival capital of Haiti, to plot the transformation of the earthquake-rattled port from a faded flower of the Caribbean to a resort destination for celebrities.
        C. "We're trying to rebrand Haiti, and so we're bringing Donna here to help us with our vision," TourismMinister Stephanie Balrmir Villedrouin said in an interview. "We're trying to raise the bar a little bit,"Said Karma, as she swept through the abandoned Hotel Jacmeliernne--its seaside swimming pool greenwith grass, its overgrown gardens littered with broken glass--" Oh. we can definitely work with this!"
        D. As hard as it may be for young Haitians to believe, their country was once a tourist destination. Evenduring the bad old days of the Duvaiier dictatorships ( 獨(dú)裁), the tourists came. Or at least a few: seeGraham Greene's 1966 novel The Comedians, set incidentally at a hotel and based on a real-lifemansion (大廈), the Hotel Oloffson in the capital; the hotel is still in operation but is now run byRichard Morse, front man for the rock band RAM and the new government's special political envoy (大使) to the Americas. Today, nobody visits Haiti for fun, except Haitians returning from the abroad.The arrivals at the Port-au-Prince airport is filled with Baptist missionaries, UN officials and Americannurses--not a real tourist in sight.
Tourism dollars
        E. Yet across the Caribbean, revenue from tourism represents about 16 percent of gross domesticproduct, and many island nations, such as the Bahamas, Barbados and Antigua, generate at least athird of their GDP from visitors. For most of the Caribbean, tourists' dollars, euros and pesos (比索)are the No. 1 source of foreign investment.
        F. Haiti let its tourism infrastructure degrade over three decades of political instability, hurricanes,earthquakes and deadly disease. But the poorest country in the Western hemisphere has a lot to offerthe adventuresome visitor, according to international planners and Haitian officials. The Creole Frenchcuisine (美食) here is some of the best in the Caribbean; its artisans are of world renown, its blend ofAfrican and Spanish music unique. All this, and rock music, too.
        G. The still-evolving plans for Haiti 2. 0 forecast Jacmel as a stand-alone destination, meaning touristswould not land in the disordered, dangerous, poor capital, Port-au-Prince, but arrive directly here viaair or boat.
        H.With development aid from banks and donor nations, the government of former carnival singer andcurrent President Michel Martelly is planning to extend the airport runway at Jacmel so it canacconunodate small jets that would shuttle from Miami and Fort Lauderdale, Fla. ; Puerto Rico; and Guadaloupe. The deserted port is also scheduled for restoration to allow big cruise ships to dock.
        I. in the late 1800s, Jacmel was an important Caribbean crossroads in Haiti—then called the "Pearl of theAntilles"--and its downtown still harbors the Creole architecture of iron balconies and shuttered ware houses for coffee and orange peel. The town reminds many visitors of the French Quarter in New Orleans, and it hosts one of the best carnivals in the Caribbean, as well as a music festival and a filmfestival, now straggling to gain promotion again after the 2010 earthquake.
Seeing potential in ruin
        J.Donna Karan knows Jacmel well; she shot her fall catalog at the Hotel Florita. The New Yorker gamelyjumped into the bed of a small track for a tour of town. It stopped at the Manoir Alexandre, once the most prominent building in the city and now a rain that is slowly being restored by Leon Paul, aHaitian American orthopedic surgeon from New York.
K. "We want to restore the mansion to its former glory, but as you can see, that is a big job," Paul saidas he walked Karan through the property, with its peeling wallpaper, holes in the roof, missing stairsand tilting balcony.
        L. He said Jacmel, his home town, will rise from the ruins, and he promised that someday soon, Haitiansand visitors will be sitting in his restored mansion, listening to a band, drinking rum and celebrating.
As Karan crawled through the ruins, she saw not despair, but hope: "Wow. Look at this. These aremy colors. The rust, yellow and blue. Take a picture. This is perfect!"

In the Caribbean, Jacmel is well-known for its music festival, film festival and carnivals.


4、回答題：





Once we become comfortable with optimising the physical and digital resources around us, we will  start rearranging our mental architecture.

填空題
5、 __________


簡(jiǎn)答題
6、1．目前，一些城市開(kāi)始推行垃圾分類
2．垃圾分類的重要性
3．為此．我們應(yīng)該……
The Importance of Waste Sorting
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



7、“一年之計(jì)在于春，一日之計(jì)在于晨”。從這句耳熟能詳?shù)乃渍Z(yǔ)中可見(jiàn)早餐對(duì)人體健康的重要性。早晨應(yīng)要有足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)攝入(nutr i t i ona |jntake)。以保證有一個(gè)良好的工作和生活狀態(tài)。歐美人非常重視早餐。他們認(rèn)為早餐若吃得舒服，即表示今天一天會(huì)有愉快、滿意的時(shí)光。有些人甚至利用早餐時(shí)間，邊吃邊談生意。然而根據(jù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)。目前還有很多人沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成吃早餐的習(xí)慣或是吃早餐過(guò)于隨意。


8、新疆位于中國(guó)西北部，是中國(guó)陸地面積的省級(jí)行政區(qū)(admi n i strat i ve region)，占中國(guó)國(guó)土總面積的六分之一。新疆既是古代絲綢之路的重要通道，也是現(xiàn)在第二座亞歐大陸橋(EurasjaD Cont i nenta | Br i dge)的必經(jīng)之地，具有十分重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。新疆也是一個(gè)很容易讓人心馳神往的地方。它擁有浩瀚的沙漠，秀麗的草原以及特殊的習(xí)俗風(fēng)情和民族美食。新疆吐魯番是葡萄的故鄉(xiāng)。據(jù)記載，早在2000多年前，這里就開(kāi)始了葡萄的種植。


9、如今，如果你告訴別人你會(huì)聯(lián)系對(duì)方，他或她可能不會(huì)問(wèn)你什么時(shí)候聯(lián)系，但是會(huì)問(wèn)以什么方式聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)代科技已經(jīng)極大的改變了我們的溝通方式，它提供給我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都能保持聯(lián)系的多種方式。對(duì)于小型或是中型企業(yè)，這意味著對(duì)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的保持來(lái)說(shuō)是巨大的機(jī)會(huì)，他們了解技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)并且能很好地應(yīng)用自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)(appIY thei r own advantages)。


10、當(dāng)今世界，信息技術(shù)革命日新月異(advance Wjth every passingday)，對(duì)國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)、軍事等領(lǐng)域發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深刻影響。信息化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化相互促進(jìn)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)融入社會(huì)生活方方面面，深刻改變了人們的生產(chǎn)和生活方式。我國(guó)正處在這個(gè)大潮之中，受到的影響越來(lái)越深。因此，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化也成為事關(guān)國(guó)家安全和國(guó)家發(fā)展、事關(guān)廣大人民群眾工作生活的重大戰(zhàn)略問(wèn)題。