單項(xiàng)選擇題
1、根據(jù)以下資料，回答題：
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．
Here’s the Totally Amazing Wonder Material That Could Revolutionize Technology
A．In the technology industry,every new product or service seems to come with the promise that it is an innovation with the potential to change the world．Graphene(石墨烯)，a form of carbon，might actually do just that．
B．“Graphene is a wonderful material，”Jeanie Lau，a professor of physics at the University of California at Riverside，told Fortune．“It conducts heat 10 times better than copper and electricity 100 times better than silicon，is transparent like plastic，extremely lightweight,extremely strong,yet flexible and elastic．In the past decade，it has taken the scientific and technology communities by storm，and has become the most promising electronic material to supplement or replace silicon．”
C．Graphene has already found its way into a number of compelling applications，Lau said．For instance，“since it is both transparent and electrically conductive—two attributes rarely found in the same material in nature—it has tremendous potential as the transparent electrode in monitors．displays；solar cells，and touch screens，”she explained．“Companies such as Samsung that invest heavily in this area have already secured patents，produced prototypes，and are expected to bring products to market in a few years．”Wearable electronic devices，aviation components，broadband photodetectors(光電檢測(cè)器)，radiation-resistant coatings，sensors，and energy storage are among numerous other areas of active research．Lau said．
D．For many researchers and investors，the ultimate application is graphene-based transistors，the building blocks of modem electronics．But getting there may take some time．
A child of graphite
E．First produced in a lab back in 2004，graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it’s actually considered two-dimensional．“We generally regard anything less than 10 layers of graphene as graphene；otherwise，it’s graphite，”said Aravind Vijayaraghavan，a lecturer in nanomaterials at the University of Manchester．
F．Even“graphene”is a bit of an umbrella term．“To oversimplify,there are two major types of graphene，”Michael Patterson，CEO of Graphene Frontiers，said．The first：“Nanoplatelets，”which are powders or flakes made from graphite．These have been around for a while and are“not really super-sexy,”Patterson said．“You mix them into polymers(聚合物)or inks or rubbers to make them conductive．”In flake form，graphene is already on its way to becoming a commodity,Patterson added．The other type—in sheet or film form—is where graphene’s biggest promise lies．Graphene sheets have“incredible potential for electronics，”Patterson said．In the near term，that potential may manifest in situations where the quantity requirements are“not that great”and where quality or conductivity doesn’t have to be as high，such as in basic touch-screen applications，he said．Products that use graphene in this way could arrive to market in the next six to 1 2 months．
G．Looking a little further out，graphene can be employed in membranes used for water desalination．Lockheed-Martin already has a patented product known as Perforene．“It’s real and it works，but it won’t be economically viable until the product reaches an industrial scale where the cost is measured in pennies per square inch”rather than dollars or tens of dollars per square inch，Patterson explained．
“That’s where we’re working today．”
‘It’s expensive and low-capacity’
H．But use of graphene in semiconductors—the technology’s Holy Grail—is likely a decade away．“Many of the challenges presented by graphene are common to most new materials，”Paul Smith,a patent associate with the Intellectual Property Law Group at Fenwick & West，told Fortune．“The trick is figuring out how to synthesize graphene in a way that first is manufacturable beyond lab scale；second，preserves the desirable properties of the material；and third，can be integrated into a product or technology．”
D．Synthesizing graphene in sheet form is considerably more expensive and time-consuming than producing graphene flakes．Whereas the latter typically involves a“quick and dirty”process by which bulk graphite is disassembled into millions of tiny pieces，Lau explained，large sheets of graphene are carefully“grown”on substrates(基板)such as copper，germanium，or silicon carbide．
J．Graphene sheets are also prone to defects and“very difficult to make in good quality,”Ron Mertens，owner and editor of Graphene-Info．tom，said．Production capacity is also very limited．“There are thousands of small companies that can make graphene，but it’s expensive and low-capacity,”Mertens said．a(chǎn)lround wafer measuring one inch in diameter,for instance，costs about$1 00，he added．
K．An even thornier obstacle on the way to graphene transistors is the fact that the material has no“band gap，”an essential property that allows transistors to be turned on and off without leaking electronic charge in the“off”state，said Elias Towe，a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University．
L．“Band-gap engineering has been and remains the biggest challenge in the development of graphene transistors and computer chips．”Lau said．It requires controlling the material almost down at the atomic level，and“that’s really pushing the edges of existing technology,”Patterson said．“In 10 years，we’11 start to see these problems solved．”
‘It is largely a matter of time’
M．If graphene is to succeed as a replacement for silicon，every unit of cost and performance will make a difference，Towe said．
N．“Silicon is hard to displace，with all the billions dollars of investments made in manufacturing infrastructure，”he said．“A replacement for silicon has to offer extraordinary performance at extremely rock-bottom cost to compel industry to change its way．”
O．Though graphene is just 10 years old—in contrast,use of silicon in transistors dates to the early 1950s—considerable progress has already been made．For example，the largest graphene sheet was produced by hand in a laboratory eight years ago；its width was less than that of a human hair．“Nowadays，roll-to-roll printing of graphene sheets up to 1 00 meters long has been achieved，”Lau said．“With the increasing interest，investment，and research in graphene-based technology,I think it is largely a matter of time before the economy of scale kicks in and truly low-cost，large-scale production ofhigh-quality graphene is accomplished，”she added．
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

Nanoplatelet is the powder-or flake-type of graphene that has been used for some time to make conductors and that is being launched on the market．


簡(jiǎn)答題
2、

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3、題目一
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should  write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．
Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
題目二
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least．120．words but no more than．180．words．Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
題目三
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least．120．words but no more than．180．words．Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?



4、“抱抱團(tuán)”(Free HuggerS)是一項(xiàng)公益行為藝術(shù)活動(dòng)，源于國(guó)外。它通過在街頭宣傳，與主動(dòng)上前的陌生人擁抱的形式，向社會(huì)傳遞“拒絕冷漠”、“互相關(guān)愛”的主題。  “抱抱團(tuán)”的行為受到了眾人的關(guān)注，也引起了許多的爭(zhēng)議。有人認(rèn)為，街頭擁抱拉近了陌生人之間的感情；也有人認(rèn)為，僅靠這種活動(dòng)消除不了陌生人之間的冷漠，況且中國(guó)人比較含蓄，采取這樣的形式有作秀之嫌(pub |i．c j ty stunt)。


5、北京市交通發(fā)達(dá)。交通工具多樣化。公交車是普通老百姓出門的主要交通工具。每輛大型公共汽車的前、后門各有一位售票員招呼乘客，票價(jià)一律1元起價(jià)?？照{(diào)公共汽車的票價(jià)為2元至11元。學(xué)生票可以打四折(60％d i scount)。北京的出租車也很發(fā)達(dá)，出租車隨處可見，非常方便。在機(jī)場(chǎng)、火車站和旅游地，都有出租車晝夜服務(wù)。北京地鐵是新中國(guó)條地鐵，三十多年來，累計(jì)運(yùn)送乘客近60億人次。


6、納米技術(shù)(nanotechnoIogy)是近年來出現(xiàn)的一門高新技術(shù)。將納米技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的納米材料加入到普通的金屬、塑料中，會(huì)呈現(xiàn)許多普通材料無法比擬的特性。納米是一種度量單位，一納米等于百萬分之一毫米。納米技術(shù)使人們認(rèn)識(shí)、改造微觀世界的水平提到了一個(gè)新的高度。世界許多國(guó)家的科學(xué)家不約而同地?cái)嘌裕杭{米技術(shù)將推進(jìn)人類科學(xué)技術(shù)步入一個(gè)新的時(shí)代——納米科技時(shí)代(the era of nanotechno| ogy)。


7、在全球變暖的大背景下，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)(| ow-carbon economy)受到越來越多國(guó)家的關(guān)注。低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是以減少溫室氣體排放為目標(biāo)，以低能耗、低污染為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式。近些年來，科學(xué)界以及各國(guó)政府已基本達(dá)成一致，推行低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是避免氣候發(fā)生災(zāi)難性變化、保持人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效方法之一。以公眾的消費(fèi)選擇引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)開發(fā)低碳產(chǎn)品技術(shù)，向低碳生產(chǎn)模式轉(zhuǎn)變，終達(dá)到減少全球溫室氣體的效果。


8、You shouM write a short essay entitled Free Admission to Museums?
寫作導(dǎo)航
1．引出話題：博物館對(duì)公眾免費(fèi)開放的利與弊；
2．具體闡述博物館對(duì)公眾免費(fèi)開放的好處以及帶來的一些問題；
3．提出自已的想法。


9、You shouM write an announcement to welcome students tojoin a club．
寫作導(dǎo)航
1．本社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容；
2．參加本社團(tuán)的好處；
3．如何加入本社團(tuán)


10、 You should write a short essay on the topic on a Harmonious Dormitory Life．
寫作導(dǎo)航
1．指出宿舍生活未必和諧；
2．簡(jiǎn)要闡述和諧的宿舍生活帶來的好處；
3．從生活方式、處理矛盾等方面闡述如何創(chuàng)造和保持和諧的宿舍生活，
4．進(jìn)行總結(jié)。