Passage3
　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
　　Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodernart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare。
　　Andyet,citylifeisn’teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(損害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.(79)Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit’slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiedactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso。
　　Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife。
　　Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we’recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it’sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink。
　　Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(80)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp。
　　11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?
　　A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople。
　　B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain。
　　C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits。
　　D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance。
　　12.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____。
　　A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress
　　13.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_____。
　　A.humanattentionisascarceresource
　　B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired
　　C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife
　　D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain
　　14.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?
　　A.Nature.B.Bettertreatment.C.Experienceddoctors.D.Goodmedicine。
　　15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
　　A.Differentaspects(方面)ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control。
　　B.Smallchangesinurbandesigncannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife。
　　C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth’spopulationismoreurbanthanrural。
　　D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance。
　　PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)
　　Directions:Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet。
　　16.Bytheendoflastweek611peoplefrom49countries_____toattendthemeeting,withnearlyhalfcomingfromtheUnitedStates,GermanyandBritain。
　　A.hadRegisteredB.haveRegisteredC.RegisteredD.wereRegistered
　　17.Itwassuggestedthat_____bigeventliketheYearofRussiainChinashouldcertainlybenefit_____relationshipbetweenthetwocountries。
　　A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D.the;/
　　18.Althoughheknewlittleaboutamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed。
　　A.asB.unlessC.whatD.where
　　19.Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,thelittlegirlranbackhome,_____。
　　A.happilyandsatisfiedB.eagerandexcitedly
　　C.happyandsatisfiedD.anxiouslyandexcitedly
　　20.—Howaretheirtalksgoingon?Havetheyreachedanyagreement?
　　—Theyonlyseemedtohaveagreedtosetanotherdatefor_____talks。
　　A.deeperB.slowerC.furtherD.higher
　　21._____tenminutesearlier,youwouldn’thavemissedthetrain.Butyouwerelate。
　　A.HadyoucomeB.Didyoucome
　　C.HaveyoucomeD.Shouldyoucome
　　22.Havingbeentoldthathersondiedintheaccident,theoldwomanappearedverycalm,asifnothing_____。
　　A.happenedB.werehappenedC.washappenedD.hadhappened
　　23.Youshouldcarefullythinkover_____themanagersaidatthemeeting。
　　A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose
　　24.LastweekIwrotetothehoteltobookaroom,butthey_____yet。
　　A.didn’tanswerB.wasn’tanswering
　　C.hadn’tansweredD.haven’tanswered
　　25.Dianafeltverymuchupsetat_____tothepartyasshehadlongedtogoforalongtime。
　　A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavingbeeninvited
　　C.nottobeinviteD.tobenotinvited
　　26.Onnoaccount_____heldresponsibleforthecaraccident,soheshouldnotbeputintoprison。
　　A.thedrivercanbeB.canthedriverbe
　　C.thedriverbeD.bethedriver
　　27.Allthekidsarecryingnow.What_____makesthemsounhappy?
　　A.itisB.isitC.itisthatD.isitthat
　　28.Unfortunately,thepackageIwasexpectingwas_____tothewrongaddress。
　　A.writtenB.givenC.packedD.delivered
　　29._____byalargeaudience,hefeltverynervousanddidn’tknowwhattosay。
　　A.WatchingB.WatchC.WatchedD.Havingwatched
　　30.I’mverygratefulforyourhelpandhopetodosomethingforyou_____inthefuture。
　　A.inexchangeB.insteadC.inreturnD.inparticular
　　31.Ican_____youthattheanimalsarewellcaredforinourzoo,soyouneedn’tworryaboutthem。
　　A.supposeB.assumeC.assureD.grant
　　32.Thedrowningboymadea_____attempttocatchtheropethrowntohim。
　　A.dangerousB.gracefulC.gentleD.desperate
　　33.Ifwe_____earlytomorrowmorning,wewillreachthecoastbeforedark。
　　A.takeoffB.setoffC.setupD.takeup
　　34.AlotofpeoplemistakeJohnforBillbecausethey_____eachotherinappearancetoomuch!
　　A.weaveB.utilizeC.revealD.resemble
　　35.Whentherearecordialelationsbetweenthetwocountries,wemeanthereexistsa_____relationshipbetweenthem。
　　A.friendlyB.hostileC.fertileD.complicated
　　36.Thepatient’srecoverywasveryencouragingashecould_____getoutofbedwithouthelp。
　　A.onlyB.almostC.merelyD.hardly
　　37.Atthejobinterview,Mr.Browngaveagood_____ofhimselfandfinallygotajobasasalesman。
　　A.opinionB.ideaC.cryD.account
　　38.Asiswellknown,eatingtoomuchfatcan_____heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure。
　　A.addtoB.attendtoC.contributetoD.applyto
　　39.Aclubisaplacetomakefrequent_____withfriends。
　　A.accountsB.attemptsC.contentsD.contacts
　　40._____theobviousdifferencesinsizeandpopulation,thestatesofAmericahavemanythings_____common。
　　A.Although;onB.Though;inC.Despite;inD.Becauseof;on
　　41.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_____thismedicineistestedonhumanbeings。
　　A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when
　　42.Withlargernumbersofgraduatesthaneverbefore,justhavingadegreewillnolongerbeenoughtomakeyou_____inthecrowd。
　　A.standupB.standbyC.standforD.standout
　　43.Thedoctortriedtodoanexperimenttofindoutthe_____ofthemedicineonthemice。
　　A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.effect
　　44.Thisisonlyoneofthelaundriesinthedistrict_____modernequipment。
　　A.thathaveB.whichhaveC.thathasD.whathas
　　45.Skatingcanbegoodforyou_____correctly。
　　A.thoughdoingB.thoughdoneC.ifdoneD.ifdoing

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