圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
　　寫(xiě)圖表作文時(shí)，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)的原因。第三段則展望未來(lái)的情況或提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)單地表述為：
　　段：概述圖表反映的主題思想
　　第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因
　　第三段：展望未來(lái)或提出方法或建議
　　圖表作文常用的句型
　?。?）常用的開(kāi)篇句型（即概述圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)常用的表達(dá)法）
　　① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根據(jù)該表/圖，我們可知 ……
　?、?The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 該表/圖表明……
　?、?As we can see from the table …
　　As can be seen from the line/bar graph …
　　As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …
　　如表/圖所示，……
　　(2) 描述增減變化常用的句型
　?、?Compared with … is still increased by …
　　② The number of … grew/rose from … to …
　?、?An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …
　　④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …
　?、?There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.
　?、?There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).
　　好，下面我們來(lái)看一篇根據(jù)例2的題目要求寫(xiě)的范文。
　　⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容⑵—(5)反映交通事故的變化情況(6)小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢(shì)
　?、薚here are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.⑺主題句⑻原因/措施一⑼解釋措施一/次要輔助⑽采取措施一后的結(jié)果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三
　?、裌ith all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.⒀總結(jié)：展望未來(lái)的情況
　　小結(jié)：這一講我主要講了圖表作文的類(lèi)型、出題形式及其寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)。
　　下面我們進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作練習(xí)。我將給大家一個(gè)作文題，請(qǐng)大家根據(jù)這一講的內(nèi)容，在30分鐘內(nèi)完成。大家在寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中要注意審題，考慮文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、采用的擴(kuò)展方法、開(kāi)頭的結(jié)尾的方法以及文章中的過(guò)渡等。
　　練習(xí)四：考試大－全國(guó)教育類(lèi)網(wǎng)站(www．Examda。com)
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
　　1. state the changes in people’s diet (飲食) in the past five years;
　　2. give possible reasons for the changes;
　　3. draw your own conclusions.
　　You should quote as few figures as possible.
　?、臕s is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet between 1986 and 1990. ⑵From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people's diet. ⑶And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. ⑷On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.
　?、蒞hat has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主題句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.
　　(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.
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